In large-scale automotive companies, various requirements engineering (RE) practices are used across teams. RE practices manifest in Requirements Information Models (RIM) that define what concepts and information should be captured for requirements. Collaboration of practitioners from different parts of an organization is required to define a suitable RIM that balances support for diverse practices in individual teams with the alignment needed for a shared view and team support on system level. There exists no guidance for this challenging task. This paper presents a mixed methods study to examine the role of RIMs in balancing alignment and diversity of RE practices in four automotive companies. Our analysis is based on data from systems engineering tools, 11 semi-structured interviews, and a survey to validate findings and suggestions. We found that balancing alignment and diversity of RE practices is important to consider when defining RIMs. We further investigated enablers for this balance and actions that practitioners take to achieve it. From these factors, we derived and evaluated recommendations for managing RIMs in practice that take into account the lifecycle of requirements and allow for diverse practices across sub-disciplines in early development, while enforcing alignment of requirements that are close to release.

中文翻译：

---

为什么以及如何平衡汽车需求工程实践的一致性和多样性

在大型汽车公司中，跨团队使用各种需求工程 (RE) 实践。RE 实践体现在需求信息模型 (RIM) 中，该模型定义了应为需求捕获哪些概念和信息。需要来自组织不同部分的从业者的协作来定义合适的 RIM，该 RIM 可以平衡对各个团队中不同实践的支持与系统级共享视图和团队支持所需的一致性。没有针对这项具有挑战性的任务的指南。本文提出了一项混合方法研究，以检验 RIM 在平衡四家汽车公司可再生能源实践的一致性和多样性方面的作用。我们的分析基于来自系统工程工具的数据、11 次半结构化访谈以及用于验证结果和建议的调查。我们发现在定义 RIM 时要考虑平衡可再生能源实践的一致性和多样性。我们进一步调查了这种平衡的促成因素以及从业者为实现这一平衡而采取的行动。从这些因素中，我们得出并评估了在实践中管理 RIM 的建议，这些建议考虑到了需求的生命周期，并允许在早期开发中跨子学科的不同实践，同时加强接近发布的需求的一致性。