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New lower bounds for Massively Parallel Computation from query complexity
arXiv - CS - Computational Complexity Pub Date : 2020-01-05 , DOI: arxiv-2001.01146
Moses Charikar, Weiyun Ma, Li-Yang Tan

Roughgarden, Vassilvitskii, and Wang (JACM 18) recently introduced a novel framework for proving lower bounds for Massively Parallel Computation using techniques from boolean function complexity. We extend their framework in two different ways, to capture two common features of Massively Parallel Computation: $\circ$ Adaptivity, where machines can write to and adaptively read from shared memory throughout the execution of the computation. Recent work of Behnezhad et al. (SPAA 19) showed that adaptivity enables significantly improved round complexities for a number of central graph problems. $\circ$ Promise problems, where the algorithm only has to succeed on certain inputs. These inputs may have special structure that is of particular interest, or they may be representative of hard instances of the overall problem. Using this extended framework, we give the first unconditional lower bounds on the complexity of distinguishing whether an input graph is a cycle of length $n$ or two cycles of length $n/2$. This promise problem, 1v2-Cycle, has emerged as a central problem in the study of Massively Parallel Computation. We prove that any adaptive algorithm for the 1v2-Cycle problem with I/O capacity $O(n^{\varepsilon})$ per machine requires $\Omega(1/\varepsilon)$ rounds, matching a recent upper bound of Behnezhad et al. In addition to strengthening the connections between Massively Parallel Computation and boolean function complexity, we also develop new machinery to reason about the latter. At the heart of our proofs are optimal lower bounds on the query complexity and approximate certificate complexity of the 1v2-Cycle problem.

中文翻译:

来自查询复杂性的大规模并行计算的新下限

Roughgarden、Vassilvitskii 和 Wang(JACM 18)最近引入了一种新颖的框架,用于使用布尔函数复杂性的技术证明大规模并行计算的下界。我们以两种不同的方式扩展他们的框架,以捕捉大规模并行计算的两个共同特征:$\circ$ 适应性,机器可以在整个计算执行过程中写入共享内存并自适应地从共享内存读取。Behnezhad 等人的近期工作。(SPAA 19) 表明,对于许多中心图问题,适应性可以显着提高轮复杂度。$\circ$ Promise 问题,算法只需要在某些输入上成功。这些输入可能具有特别令人感兴趣的特殊结构,或者它们可能代表整个问题的困难实例。使用这个扩展框架,我们给出了区分输入图是长度为 $n$ 的循环还是两个长度为 $n/2$ 的循环的复杂性的第一个无条件下限。这个承诺问题,1v2-Cycle,已经成为大规模并行计算研究中的一个核心问题。我们证明,对于每台机器的 I/O 容量为 $O(n^{\varepsilon})$ 的 1v2-Cycle 问题的任何自适应算法都需要 $\Omega(1/\varepsilon)$ 轮,匹配 Behnezhad 最近的上限等。除了加强大规模并行计算和布尔函数复杂性之间的联系之外,我们还开发了新的机制来推理后者。我们证明的核心是 1v2-Cycle 问题的查询复杂度和近似证书复杂度的最佳下限。已成为大规模并行计算研究的核心问题。我们证明,对于每台机器的 I/O 容量为 $O(n^{\varepsilon})$ 的 1v2-Cycle 问题的任何自适应算法都需要 $\Omega(1/\varepsilon)$ 轮,匹配 Behnezhad 最近的上限等。除了加强大规模并行计算和布尔函数复杂性之间的联系之外,我们还开发了新的机制来推理后者。我们证明的核心是 1v2-Cycle 问题的查询复杂度和近似证书复杂度的最佳下限。已成为大规模并行计算研究的核心问题。我们证明,对于每台机器的 I/O 容量为 $O(n^{\varepsilon})$ 的 1v2-Cycle 问题的任何自适应算法都需要 $\Omega(1/\varepsilon)$ 轮,匹配 Behnezhad 最近的上限等。除了加强大规模并行计算和布尔函数复杂性之间的联系之外,我们还开发了新的机制来推理后者。我们证明的核心是 1v2-Cycle 问题的查询复杂度和近似证书复杂度的最佳下限。除了加强大规模并行计算和布尔函数复杂性之间的联系之外,我们还开发了新的机制来推理后者。我们证明的核心是 1v2-Cycle 问题的查询复杂度和近似证书复杂度的最佳下限。除了加强大规模并行计算和布尔函数复杂性之间的联系之外,我们还开发了新的机制来推理后者。我们证明的核心是 1v2-Cycle 问题的查询复杂度和近似证书复杂度的最佳下限。
更新日期:2020-01-07
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