Detailed here is the proposed design of the tertiary side of a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) System to be interfaced with the steam cycle of a Light Water Reactor (LWR) plant. This study extends the understanding provided by many previous investigations (i.e., beyond thermodynamic considerations) by specifically addressing real world constraints associated with the backfit of such a system to an operating LWR. These constraints relate to the feasibility of design modifications during an extended refueling outage, and to licensing, operational, and maintenance considerations. The Korean designed and built APR1400 plant is selected for integration with the TES tertiary system, resulting in a design which can be readily be adapted to most LWR plant. Heat transfer and transport from and to the nuclear steam cycle is by synthetic oil with high temperature capabilities. Heat storage is in the form of packed beds consisting of crushed rock. While the rates of storage and recovery are constrained by the design of the nuclear reactor and steam plant (i.e., 20% of reactor thermal power during storage, and ~11% during recovery) the total stored energy component of the system can be readily and economically scaled to any desired capacity (at the marginal cost of carbon steel vessels filled with rock). Finally, it is proposed that any nuclear installation with water access could employ bulk thermal energy storage built into an Ultra Large Barge for turnkey delivery with a concomitant reduction in installed cost and risk.

中文翻译：

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APR1400 的核热储存和回收

这里详细介绍了热能储存 (TES) 系统第三侧的拟议设计，该系统将与轻水反应堆 (LWR) 工厂的蒸汽循环连接。这项研究通过专门解决与将此类系统反向安装到正在运行的轻水堆相关的现实世界约束，扩展了许多先前研究提供的理解（即，超出热力学考虑）。这些限制涉及延长加油中断期间设计修改的可行性，以及许可、操作和维护方面的考虑。选择韩国设计和建造的 APR1400 电厂与 TES 三级系统集成，从而形成可以轻松适应大多数轻水堆电厂的设计。核蒸汽循环的热传递和传输是通过具有高温能力的合成油进行的。储热采用由碎石组成的填充床的形式。虽然存储和回收率受到核反应堆和蒸汽装置设计的限制（即存储期间反应堆热功率的 20%，回收期间约 11%），但系统的总存储能量部分可以轻松地和经济地扩展到任何所需的容量（以填充岩石的碳钢容器的边际成本）。最后，建议任何有水通道的核设施都可以采用内置于超大型驳船中的大容量热能储存装置来进行交钥匙交付，同时降低安装成本和风险。