Abstract With rising concerns about emissions from shipping, fuel cells are expected to take an important role in ship propulsion. In particular, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) offer high efficiency with the possibility of combined heat and power production. In this paper, we investigate energy, cost, and emission savings on ships resulting from the use of SOFCs using an optimization-based approach. A global sensitivity analysis was used to investigate the effects of the high uncertainty of problem parameters. This setup is applied to two case studies: a cruise ship and a tanker. The results show that SOFCs could provide a reduction in ship greenhouse gas emissions by up to 34% and that when using natural gas as fuel, SOFCs are the most cost-optimal solution that allows a significant reduction in GHG emissions. A wider adoption of SOFCs would also lead to a decrease of other pollutant emissions. The sensitivity analysis shows that the lifetime of the stack is the most impacting uncertain parameter, followed by fuel prices and by the investment cost of the SOFC stack. The study highlights that, in a future of stricter constraints on greenhouse gas emissions and where the SOFC technology will be fully industrialized, SOFCs will be able to play an important role in bridging shipping towards decarbonization.

中文翻译：

---

固体氧化物燃料电池在未来船舶能源系统中的作用

摘要 随着对航运排放的日益关注，燃料电池有望在船舶推进中发挥重要作用。特别是，固体氧化物燃料电池 (SOFC) 提供了高效率，并具有热电联产的可能性。在本文中，我们使用基于优化的方法研究了使用 SOFC 为船舶带来的能源、成本和排放节省。使用全局敏感性分析来研究问题参数的高度不确定性的影响。此设置适用于两个案例研究：游轮和油轮。结果表明，SOFC 可以将船舶温室气体排放量减少多达 34%，并且在使用天然气作为燃料时，SOFC 是成本最优的解决方案，可以显着减少温室气体排放。更广泛地采用 SOFC 还可以减少其他污染物的排放。敏感性分析表明，电堆的寿命是影响最大的不确定参数，其次是燃料价格和 SOFC 电堆的投资成本。该研究强调，在温室气体排放限制更加严格且 SOFC 技术将完全工业化的未来，SOFC 将能够在航运走向脱碳方面发挥重要作用。