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Astrocyte Unfolded Protein Response Induces a Specific Reactivity State that Causes Non-Cell-Autonomous Neuronal Degeneration.
Neuron ( IF 14.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.014
Heather L Smith 1 , Oliver J Freeman 1 , Adrian J Butcher 1 , Staffan Holmqvist 2 , Ibrahim Humoud 1 , Tobias Schätzl 1 , Daniel T Hughes 1 , Nicholas C Verity 3 , Dean P Swinden 1 , Joseph Hayes 1 , Lis de Weerd 1 , David H Rowitch 2 , Robin J M Franklin 2 , Giovanna R Mallucci 1
Affiliation  

Recent interest in astrocyte activation states has raised the fundamental question of how these cells, normally essential for synapse and neuronal maintenance, become pathogenic. Here, we show that activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), specifically phosphorylated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK-P) signaling-a pathway that is widely dysregulated in neurodegenerative diseases-generates a distinct reactivity state in astrocytes that alters the astrocytic secretome, leading to loss of synaptogenic function in vitro. Further, we establish that the same PERK-P-dependent astrocyte reactivity state is harmful to neurons in vivo in mice with prion neurodegeneration. Critically, targeting this signaling exclusively in astrocytes during prion disease is alone sufficient to prevent neuronal loss and significantly prolongs survival. Thus, the astrocyte reactivity state resulting from UPR over-activation is a distinct pathogenic mechanism that can by itself be effectively targeted for neuroprotection.

中文翻译:

星形胶质细胞未折叠蛋白反应诱导导致非细胞自主神经元变性的特定反应状态。

最近对星形胶质细胞激活状态的兴趣提出了一个基本问题,即这些通常对突触和神经元维持至关重要的细胞如何变得致病。在这里,我们表明未折叠蛋白反应 (UPR) 的激活,特别是磷酸化蛋白激酶 R 样内质网 (ER) 激酶 (PERK-P) 信号通路——在神经退行性疾病中广泛失调的通路——会产生独特的反应状态在星形胶质细胞中改变星形胶质细胞分泌组,导致体外突触原功能丧失。此外,我们确定相同的 PERK-P 依赖性星形胶质细胞反应状态对朊病毒神经变性小鼠体内的神经元有害。至关重要的是,在朊病毒病期间仅针对星形胶质细胞中的这种信号传导就足以防止神经元丢失并显着延长生存期。因此,UPR 过度激活导致的星形胶质细胞反应状态是一种独特的致病机制,其本身可以有效地靶向神经保护。
更新日期:2020-01-07
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