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Task-specific signatures in the expert brain: Differential correlates of translation and reading in professional interpreters
NeuroImage ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116519
Martin Dottori 1 , Eugenia Hesse 2 , Micaela Santilli 3 , Martina G Vilas 1 , Miguel Martorell Caro 3 , Daniel Fraiman 4 , Lucas Sedeño 1 , Agustín Ibáñez 5 , Adolfo M García 6
Affiliation  

Insights on the neurocognitive particularities of expert individuals have recently benefited from language studies on professional simultaneous interpreters (PSIs). Accruing research indicates that behavioral advantages in this population are restricted to those skills that are directly taxed during professional practice (e.g., translation as opposed to reading), but little is known about the neural signatures of such selective effects. To illuminate the issue, we recruited 17 PSIs and 15 non-interpreter bilinguals and compared behavioral and electrophysiological markers of word reading and translation from and into their native and non-native languages (L1 and L2, respectively). PSIs exhibited greater delta-theta (1-8 Hz) power across all tasks over varying topographies, but these were accompanied by faster performance only in the case of translation conditions. Moreover, neural differences in PSIs were most marked for L2-L1 translation (the dominant interpreting direction in their market), which exhibited maximally widespread modulations that selectively correlated with behavioral outcomes. Taken together, our results suggest that interpreting experience involves distinct neural signatures across reading and translation mechanisms, but that these are systematically related with processing efficiency only in domains that face elevated demands during everyday practice (i.e., L2-L1 translation). These findings can inform models of simultaneous interpreting, in particular, and expert cognitive processing, in general.

中文翻译:

专家大脑中特定任务的特征:专业口译员翻译和阅读的差异相关性

最近,对专业同声传译员 (PSI) 的语言研究使对专家个体神经认知特性的洞察力有所帮助。越来越多的研究表明,这一群体的行为优势仅限于那些在专业实践中直接征税的技能(例如,翻译而不是阅读),但对这种选择性效应的神经特征知之甚少。为了阐明这个问题,我们招募了 17 名 PSI 和 15 名非翻译双语者,并比较了从母语和非母语(分别为 L1 和 L2)阅读和翻译单词的行为和电生理标记。PSI 在不同地形的所有任务中表现出更大的 delta-theta (1-8 Hz) 功率,但只有在翻译条件的情况下,这些才会带来更快的性能。此外,PSI 的神经差异在 L2-L1 翻译(其市场中的主要解释方向)中最为显着,其表现出最大程度的广泛调节,这些调节与行为结果有选择地相关。综上所述,我们的结果表明,口译经验涉及阅读和翻译机制中不同的神经特征,但这些与处理效率只有在日常实践中面临更高需求的领域(即 L2-L1 翻译)系统地相关。这些发现可以为同声传译模型,特别是一般的专家认知处理提供信息。PSI 的神经差异在 L2-L1 翻译(其市场中的主要解释方向)中最为显着,其表现出与行为结果选择性相关的最广泛的调制。综上所述,我们的结果表明,口译经验涉及阅读和翻译机制中不同的神经特征,但这些与处理效率只有在日常实践中面临更高需求的领域(即 L2-L1 翻译)系统地相关。这些发现可以为同声传译模型,特别是一般的专家认知处理提供信息。PSI 的神经差异在 L2-L1 翻译(其市场中的主要解释方向)中最为显着,其表现出与行为结果选择性相关的最广泛的调制。综上所述,我们的结果表明,口译经验涉及阅读和翻译机制中不同的神经特征,但这些与处理效率只有在日常实践中面临更高需求的领域(即 L2-L1 翻译)系统地相关。这些发现可以为同声传译模型,特别是一般的专家认知处理提供信息。我们的结果表明,口译经验涉及阅读和翻译机制中不同的神经特征,但这些与处理效率只有在日常实践中面临更高需求的领域(即 L2-L1 翻译)系统地相关。这些发现可以为同声传译模型,特别是一般的专家认知处理提供信息。我们的结果表明,口译经验涉及阅读和翻译机制中不同的神经特征,但这些与处理效率只有在日常实践中面临更高需求的领域(即 L2-L1 翻译)系统地相关。这些发现可以为同声传译模型,特别是一般的专家认知处理提供信息。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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