The solution behavior of some ions resembles that of surfactants. The aim of this review is to contextualize the behavior of ions with uneven structure and/or hydration shell, such as nanoions, intrinsically amphiphilic ions and ions with irregular chemical composition. Hints regarding ion-specificity and other peculiar features of less conventional ions are discussed. Such ions can exhibit ion pairing and like-charge self-assembly resembling thus amphiphilic molecules. Irregular ions and nanoions are in some cases surface active that reminds classical surfactants. Co-assembly of several ions with synthetic polymers and proteins cannot be described by simple salting-in and host-guest models pointing to the approach, in which ions are not used as solutes but as building nanoblocks.

一些离子的溶液行为类似于表面活性剂。这篇综述的目的是将具有不均匀结构和/或水合壳的离子的行为与环境联系起来，例如纳米离子，固有的两亲离子和具有不规则化学组成的离子。讨论了有关离子特异性和较不常见离子的其他特殊特征的提示。这样的离子可以表现出类似于两亲分子的离子对和类似电荷的自组装。在某些情况下，不规则离子和纳米离子具有表面活性，这使人联想到经典的表面活性剂。几种离子与合成聚合物和蛋白质的共组装无法通过指向该方法的简单盐析和主客体模型来描述，在该模型中，离子不用作溶质，而是用作构建纳米嵌段。