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Neither cortical nor trabecular: An unusual type of bone in the heavy-load-bearing lower pharyngeal jaw of the black drum (Pogonias cromis).
Acta Biomaterialia ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.001 Efrat Ziv 1 , Joshua Milgram 1 , Jonathan Davis 2 , Ana Soares 3 , Fabian Wilde 4 , Paul Zaslansky 3 , Ron Shahar 1
Acta Biomaterialia ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.001 Efrat Ziv 1 , Joshua Milgram 1 , Jonathan Davis 2 , Ana Soares 3 , Fabian Wilde 4 , Paul Zaslansky 3 , Ron Shahar 1
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Durophagous fish consume a diet based primarily on hard-shelled animals, mainly mollusks. In order to successfully perform this task, they are equipped with an extra set of jaws located in their throat called pharyngeal jaws. Here we present the results of a study of the structure of the bony material of the exceptionally powerful lower pharyngeal jaws (LPJs) of the black drum Pogonias cromis which generate the highest biting forces documented in bony fishes. In particular, we studied the two long and slender struts that support the entire dental plate and teeth of the LPJ, in order to determine how this structure withstands the huge stresses it encounters repetitively and for long periods of time. We describe the hierarchical structure of the struts of lower pharyngeal jaw of P. cromis at a wide range of length scales, and show how it is adapted to successfully achieve its high mechanical performance. In particular, we show that the bone material of the strut is neither cortical nor cancellous, and although it is highly porous, its complex and layered three-dimensional arrangement of thick lamellae sheets, which are inter-connected by thin plates, is perfectly tailored to withstand extremely large but directionally-consistent forces. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The diet of some fish consists of hard food, like mollusks and shells. In order to accomplish the task of cracking this type of food, they have an extra set of bony jaws located in their throat, called pharyngeal jaws. Here we describe the hierarchical structural elements of these jaws which allow them to withstand huge forces repeatedly over long periods of time. Surprisingly, the structure is very porous, but its architectural design is superbly adapted to handle consistently-oriented forces. This structural motif defines a new bony material which is neither cortical nor cancellous.
中文翻译：
既不是皮质的也不是小梁的：在黑色鼓（Pogonias cromis）的负重下咽的下颌中的一种异常类型的骨头。
硬皮鱼类的饮食主要基于硬壳动物，主要是软体动物。为了成功执行此任务，他们在喉咙中配备了一套额外的颌骨，称为咽颌。在这里，我们介绍了黑色鼓豚鼠（Pogonias cromis）异常强大的下咽颌骨（LPJs）的骨质材料的结构研究结果，该咬合力在骨质鱼类中产生了最高的咬合力。尤其是，我们研究了支撑LPJ整个牙板和牙齿的两个细长杆，以确定这种结构如何承受长期和反复出现的巨大应力。我们在广泛的长度范围内描述了Cr。cromis的下咽颌骨支杆的层次结构，并展示其如何成功实现其高机械性能。特别是，我们显示了支撑的骨材料既不是皮质也不是松质，尽管它是高度多孔的，但它的复杂且分层的厚薄板片的三维排列（通过薄板相互连接）是完美定制的承受极大但方向一致的力量。重要性声明：一些鱼的饮食包括硬性食物，如软体动物和贝壳。为了完成破解这类食物的任务，他们在喉咙中有另外一组骨颚，称为咽颚。在这里，我们描述了这些钳口的分层结构元素，使它们可以长时间承受巨大的力。出奇，该结构非常多孔，但是其建筑设计非常适合应对一致的力。这种结构图案定义了既不皮质也不松质的新型骨质材料。
更新日期：2020-01-07
中文翻译：
既不是皮质的也不是小梁的：在黑色鼓（Pogonias cromis）的负重下咽的下颌中的一种异常类型的骨头。
硬皮鱼类的饮食主要基于硬壳动物，主要是软体动物。为了成功执行此任务，他们在喉咙中配备了一套额外的颌骨，称为咽颌。在这里，我们介绍了黑色鼓豚鼠（Pogonias cromis）异常强大的下咽颌骨（LPJs）的骨质材料的结构研究结果，该咬合力在骨质鱼类中产生了最高的咬合力。尤其是，我们研究了支撑LPJ整个牙板和牙齿的两个细长杆，以确定这种结构如何承受长期和反复出现的巨大应力。我们在广泛的长度范围内描述了Cr。cromis的下咽颌骨支杆的层次结构，并展示其如何成功实现其高机械性能。特别是，我们显示了支撑的骨材料既不是皮质也不是松质，尽管它是高度多孔的，但它的复杂且分层的厚薄板片的三维排列（通过薄板相互连接）是完美定制的承受极大但方向一致的力量。重要性声明：一些鱼的饮食包括硬性食物，如软体动物和贝壳。为了完成破解这类食物的任务，他们在喉咙中有另外一组骨颚，称为咽颚。在这里，我们描述了这些钳口的分层结构元素，使它们可以长时间承受巨大的力。出奇，该结构非常多孔，但是其建筑设计非常适合应对一致的力。这种结构图案定义了既不皮质也不松质的新型骨质材料。
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