Correct understanding of the land surface processes and cloud-precipitation processes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important prerequisite for the study and forecast of the downstream activities of weather systems and one of the key points for understanding the global atmospheric movement. In order to show the achievements that have been made, this paper reviews the progresses on the observations for atmospheric boundary layer, land surface heat fluxes, cloud-precipitation distributions and vertical structures by using ground- and space-based multi-platform, multi-sensor instruments, and the effect of cloud system in the TP on the downstream weather. The results show that the form drag related to the topography, land-atmosphere momentum and scalar fluxes is an important part of the parameterization process. The sensible heat flux decreased especially in the central and northern TP caused by the decrease of wind speeds and the differences of the ground-air temperatures. Observations show that the cloud and precipitation over the TP has a strong diurnal variation. Studies also show the compressed air column in the troposphere by the higher altitude terrain of the TP makes particles inside clouds vary in shorter distance in the vertical direction than those in non-plateau area so that precipitation intensity over the TP is usually small with short duration, and the vertical structure of convective precipitation over the TP is obvious different from that in other regions. In addition, the influence of the TP on the severe weather in the downstream is preliminarily understood from the mechanism. It is necessary to use model simulations and observation techniques to reveal the difference between cloud precipitation in the TP and non-plateau areas in order to understand the cloud microphysical parameters over the TP, the processes of land boundary layer affecting cloud, precipitation and weather in the downstream regions.

中文翻译：

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青藏高原地表过程和夏季云降水特征及其对下游天气的影响：回顾与展望

正确认识青藏高原陆面过程和云降水过程是研究和预报下游天气系统活动的重要前提，也是了解全球大气运动的关键点之一。为展示已取得的成果，本文综述了利用地基和天基多平台、多平台观测大气边界层、地表热通量、云降水分布和垂直结构的研究进展。传感器仪器，以及青藏高原云系统对下游天气的影响。结果表明，与地形、陆气动量和标量通量相关的形式阻力是参数化过程的重要组成部分。受风速降低和地温差异影响，青藏高原中部和北部感热通量下降尤为明显。观测表明，青藏高原上空的云和降水具有强烈的日变化。研究还表明，高原海拔较高的地形对流层中的压缩气柱使云内粒子在垂直方向上的变化比非高原地区短，因此高原上的降水强度通常较小，持续时间较短。 , 青藏高原对流降水垂直结构与其他地区明显不同。此外，从机理上初步了解了TP对下游恶劣天气的影响。