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Wasteful, essential, evolutionary stepping stone? The multiple personalities of the photorespiratory pathway.
The Plant Journal ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 , DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14669
Alisdair R Fernie 1 , Hermann Bauwe 2
Affiliation  

The photorespiratory pathway, in short photorespiration, is a metabolic repair system that enables the CO2 fixation enzyme Rubisco to sustainably operate in the presence of oxygen, that is, during oxygenic photosynthesis of plants and cyanobacteria. Photorespiration is necessary because an auto-inhibitory metabolite, 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG), is produced when Rubisco binds oxygen instead of CO2 as a substrate and must be removed, to avoid collapse of metabolism, and recycled as efficiently as possible. The basic principle of recycling 2PG very likely evolved several billion years ago in connection with the evolution of oxyphotobacteria. It comprises the multi-step combination of two molecules of 2PG to form 3-phosphoglycerate. The biochemistry of this process dictates that one out of four 2PG carbons is lost as CO2 , which is a long-standing plant breeders' concern because it represents by far the largest fraction of respiratory processes that reduce gross-photosynthesis of major crops down to about 50% and less, lowering potential yields. In addition to the ATP needed for recycling of the 2PG carbon, extra energy is needed for the refixation of liberated equal amounts of ammonia. It is thought that the energy costs of photorespiration have an additional negative impact on crop yields in at least some environments. This paper discusses recent advances concerning the origin and evolution of photorespiration, and gives an overview of contemporary and envisioned strategies to engineer the biochemistry of, or even avoid, photorespiration.

中文翻译:

浪费的,必不可少的,进化的垫脚石?光呼吸途径的多种个性。

简称为光呼吸的光呼吸路径是一种代谢修复系统,可使CO2固定酶Rubisco在氧气存在下(即在植物和蓝细菌的光合作用过程中)可持续运行。光呼吸是必需的,因为当Rubisco结合氧气而不是CO2作为底物时会产生自抑制代谢物2-磷酸乙醇酸(2PG),必须将其除去,以避免代谢崩溃,并尽可能有效地回收利用。回收2PG的基本原理很可能是在数十亿年前与氧光细菌的进化有关的。它包含两个2PG分子的多步组合,形成3-磷酸甘油酸酯。该过程的生物化学表明,二氧化碳会损失四分之二的2PG碳,这是长期以来植物育种者关注的问题,因为它代表了呼吸过程的最大部分,呼吸过程使主要农作物的光合作用降低至约50%或更低,从而降低了潜在产量。除了回收2PG碳所需的ATP外,还需要额外的能量来固定释放的等量氨。据认为,光呼吸的能量成本在至少某些环境中对作物产量具有额外的负面影响。本文讨论了有关光呼吸起源和进化的最新进展,并概述了当代和设想的策略,以设计或什至避免光呼吸的生物化学。令人担忧的是,因为它代表了呼吸过程的最大部分,呼吸过程使主要农作物的总光合作用降低至约50%或更低,从而降低了潜在产量。除了回收2PG碳所需的ATP外,还需要额外的能量来固定释放的等量氨。据认为,光呼吸的能量成本至少在某些环境中对作物产量具有附加的负面影响。本文讨论了有关光呼吸起源和进化的最新进展,并概述了当代和设想的策略,以设计或什至避免光呼吸的生物化学。令人担忧的是,因为它代表了呼吸过程的最大部分,呼吸过程使主要农作物的总光合作用降低至约50%或更低,从而降低了潜在产量。除了回收2PG碳所需的ATP外,还需要额外的能量来固定释放的等量氨。据认为,光呼吸的能量成本至少在某些环境中对作物产量具有附加的负面影响。本文讨论了有关光呼吸起源和进化的最新进展,并概述了当代和设想的策略,以设计或什至避免光呼吸的生物化学。固定释放出的等量氨需要额外的能量。据认为,光呼吸的能量成本至少在某些环境中对作物产量具有附加的负面影响。本文讨论了有关光呼吸起源和进化的最新进展,并概述了当代和设想的策略,以设计或什至避免光呼吸的生物化学。固定释放出的等量氨需要额外的能量。据认为,光呼吸的能量成本至少在某些环境中对作物产量具有附加的负面影响。本文讨论了有关光呼吸起源和进化的最新进展,并概述了当代和设想的策略,以设计或什至避免光呼吸的生物化学。
更新日期:2020-01-06
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