The etiology of Philadelphia chromosome‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) is largely unknown. We assessed potential associations between lifestyle factors and MPN risk in the NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study. In this prospective cohort with 463,049 participants aged 50–71 years at baseline (1995–1996) and a median follow‐up of 15.5 years, we identified 490 MPN cases, including 190 with polycythemia vera (PV) and 146 with essential thrombocythemia (ET). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Smoking was not associated with MPN risk in the overall cohort, but analyses stratified by sex suggested that smoking increased the risk of MPN in women (former smoker vs . nonsmokers, HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.03–2.00, p = 0.03; current smokers vs . nonsmokers, HR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.08–2.71, p = 0.02). Coffee consumption was inversely associated with the risk of PV (high vs . low intake, HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33–0.84, p ‐trend < 0.01), but not the risk of ET or MPN overall. Further analysis revealed an inverse association between the amount of caffeine intake and PV risk (high vs . low intake, HR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39–0.79, p ‐trend < 0.01). While the consumption of caffeinated coffee appeared to confer a protective effect against PV, the consumption of decaffeinated coffee did not. This large prospective study identified smoking as a risk factor for MPN in women and suggests that caffeine intake is associated with a lower risk of PV.

中文翻译：

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NIH-AARP 饮食和健康研究中的生活方式因素和骨髓增生性肿瘤的风险。

费城染色体阴性骨髓增生性肿瘤 (MPN) 的病因在很大程度上是未知的。我们在 NIH-AARP 饮食与健康研究中评估了生活方式因素与 MPN 风险之间的潜在关联。在这个有 463,049 名基线（1995 年至 1996 年）50-71 岁参与者的前瞻性队列中，我们确定了 490 例 MPN 病例，包括 190 例真性红细胞增多症（PV）和 146 例原发性血小板增多症（ET ）。多变量 Cox 比例风险回归模型用于估计风险比 (HR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。在整个队列中，吸烟与 MPN 风险无关，但按性别分层的分析表明，吸烟会增加女性 MPN 的风险（前吸烟者与非吸烟者，HR = 1.43，95% CI：1.03–2.00，p = 0.03；当前吸烟者与。非吸烟者，HR = 1.71，95% CI：1.08–2.71，p = 0.02）。咖啡摄入量与 PV 风险呈负相关（高摄入量与低摄入量，HR = 0.53，95% CI：0.33–0.84，p趋势 < 0.01），但与 ET 或 MPN 的总体风险无关。进一步分析显示咖啡因摄入量与 PV 风险之间存在负相关（高摄入量与低摄入量，HR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39–0.79, p-趋势 < 0.01)。虽然含咖啡因的咖啡似乎对 PV 有保护作用，但不含咖啡因的咖啡却没有。这项大型前瞻性研究将吸烟确定为女性 MPN 的危险因素，并表明咖啡因摄入与较低的 PV 风险相关。