Assessments of fisheries interactions with non-target species are crucial for quantifying anthropogenic threatening processes and informing management action. We perform the first multi-jurisdictional analysis of spatial and temporal trends, data gaps and risk assessment of cetacean interactions with fisheries gear for the entire Australian Exclusive Economic Zone. Bycatch and entanglement records dating from 1887 to 2016 were collected from across Australia (n = 1987). Since 2000 there has been a substantial increase in reported bycatch and entanglements and this is likely the result of improved monitoring or recording by some jurisdictions and fisheries as well as changing fishing effort, combined with continuing recovery of baleen whale populations after cessation of commercial whaling. A minimum of 27 cetacean species were recorded entangled, with over 30% of records involving interactions with threatened, vulnerable or endangered species. Three times the number of dolphins and toothed whales were recorded entangled compared to baleen whales. Inshore dolphins were assessed as most vulnerable to population decline as a result of entanglements, though humpback whales, common bottlenose dolphins, and short-beaked common dolphins were the most frequently caught. Only one-quarter of animals were reported to have survived entanglement, either through intervention or self-release from fishing gear. Spatial mapping of the records highlighted entanglement hotspots along the east and west coast of the continent, regions where high human population density, high fishing effort, and high density of migrating humpback whales all occur, augmented by high captures of dolphins in shark control gear along the east coast. Areas of few entanglements were more remote, highlighting substantial bias in entanglement reporting. Our gap analysis identified discrepancies in data quality and recording consistency both within and between jurisdictions. Disparities in the types of fisheries data provided for the analysis by different state agencies limited our ability to compile bycatch data in a representative and systematic way. This research highlights the need for improved standardised data recording and reporting by all agencies, and compulsory sharing of detailed fisheries interaction and effort data, as this would increase the value of entanglement and bycatch data as a conservation and management tool.

中文翻译：

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澳大利亚水域渔具中鲸类缠结和兼捕的长期趋势和风险分析

评估渔业与非目标物种的相互作用对于量化人为威胁过程和告知管理行动至关重要。我们对整个澳大利亚专属经济区的鲸类与渔具相互作用的时空趋势，数据缺口和风险评估进行了首次跨辖区分析。1887年至2016年的兼捕和纠缠记录收集自整个澳大利亚（n = 1987）。自2000年以来，据报告的兼捕和纠缠现象大量增加，这很可能是某些管辖区和渔业对监测或记录进行了改进，以及捕捞努力不断变化的结果，再加上停止商业捕鲸后鲸鱼种群的持续恢复。至少有27种鲸类被纠缠，超过30％的记录涉及与受威胁，脆弱或濒危物种的相互作用。记录到的海豚和带齿鲸的数量是Baleen鲸的三倍。尽管最常见的是座头鲸，普通宽吻海豚和短喙普通海豚，但据估计，近海海豚最容易因纠缠而导致种群下降。据报道，只有四分之一的动物通过干预或从渔具中自我释放而得以纠缠。记录的空间分布图突出显示了该大陆东部和西部沿岸的纠缠热点，那里是人口密度高，捕捞努力多，座头鲸迁徙密度高的地区，东海岸鲨鱼控制装置中捕获的海豚数量众多，进一步增强了捕捞能力。纠缠很少的区域更偏远，突显了纠缠报告中的重大偏差。我们的差距分析确定了辖区内和辖区之间的数据质量和记录一致性方面的差异。由不同的国家机构提供的用于分析的渔业数据类型的差异限制了我们以代表性和系统的方式收集兼捕数据的能力。这项研究强调所有机构都需要改进标准化的数据记录和报告，并强制共享详细的渔业互动和努力数据，因为这将增加纠缠和兼捕数据作为保护和管理工具的价值。强调纠缠报告中的重大偏见。我们的差距分析确定了辖区内和辖区之间的数据质量和记录一致性方面的差异。由不同的国家机构提供的用于分析的渔业数据类型的差异限制了我们以代表性和系统的方式收集兼捕数据的能力。这项研究强调所有机构都需要改进标准化的数据记录和报告，并强制共享详细的渔业互动和努力数据，因为这将增加纠缠和兼捕数据作为保护和管理工具的价值。强调纠缠报告中的重大偏见。我们的差距分析确定了辖区内和辖区之间的数据质量和记录一致性方面的差异。由不同的国家机构提供的用于分析的渔业数据类型的差异限制了我们以代表性和系统的方式收集兼捕数据的能力。这项研究强调所有机构都需要改进标准化的数据记录和报告，并强制共享详细的渔业互动和努力数据，因为这将增加纠缠和兼捕数据作为保护和管理工具的价值。由不同的国家机构提供的用于分析的渔业数据类型的差异限制了我们以代表性和系统的方式收集兼捕数据的能力。这项研究强调所有机构都需要改进标准化的数据记录和报告，并强制共享详细的渔业互动和努力数据，因为这将增加纠缠和兼捕数据作为保护和管理工具的价值。由不同的国家机构提供的用于分析的渔业数据类型的差异限制了我们以代表性和系统的方式收集兼捕数据的能力。这项研究强调所有机构都需要改进标准化的数据记录和报告，并强制共享详细的渔业互动和努力数据，因为这将增加纠缠和兼捕数据作为保护和管理工具的价值。