A set of eight SNP markers was developed to facilitate the early selection of HMW-GS alleles in breeding programmes. In bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) are the most important determinants of technological quality. Known to be very diverse, HMW-GSs are encoded by the tightly linked genes Glu-1-1 and Glu-1-2. Alleles that improve the quality of dough have been identified. Up to now, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of grain proteins is the most widely used for their identification. To facilitate the early selection of HMW-GS alleles in breeding programmes, we developed DNA-based molecular markers. For each accession of a core collection (n = 364 lines) representative of worldwide bread wheat diversity, HMW-GSs were characterized by both genotyping and SDS-PAGE. Based on electrophoresis, we observed at least 8, 22 and 9 different alleles at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci, respectively, including new variants. We designed a set of 17 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that were representative of the most frequent SDS-PAGE alleles at each locus. At Glu-A1 and Glu-D1, two and three marker-based haplotypes, respectively, captured the diversity of the SDS-PAGE alleles rather well. Discrepancies were found mainly for the Glu-B1 locus. However, statistical tests revealed that two markers at each Glu-B1 gene and their corresponding haplotypes were more significantly associated with the rheological properties of the dough than were the relevant SDS-PAGE alleles. To conclude, this study demonstrates that the SNP markers developed provide additional information on HMW-GS diversity. Two markers at Glu-A1, four at Glu-B1 and two at Glu-D1 constitute a useful toolbox for breeding wheat to improve end-use value.

中文翻译：

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用于早期鉴定面包小麦中高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 (HMW-GS) 的 SNP 标记。

开发了一组八个 SNP 标记，以促进在育种计划中早期选择 HMW-GS 等位基因。在面包小麦 (Triticum aestivum) 中，高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 (HMW-GSs) 是技术质量最重要的决定因素。众所周知，HMW-GS 非常多样化，由紧密相连的基因 Glu-1-1 和 Glu-1-2 编码。已经鉴定出提高面团质量的等位基因。迄今为止，谷物蛋白的鉴定以十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）最为广泛。为了促进在育种计划中早期选择 HMW-GS 等位基因，我们开发了基于 DNA 的分子标记。对于代表全球面包小麦多样性的核心收集品（n = 364 个品系）的每个种质，HMW-GSs 的特点是基因分型和 SDS-PAGE。基于电泳，我们分别在 Glu-A1、Glu-B1 和 Glu-D1 基因座上观察到至少 8、22 和 9 个不同的等位基因，包括新的变体。我们设计了一组 17 个单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 标记，它们代表了每个基因座最常见的 SDS-PAGE 等位基因。在 Glu-A1 和 Glu-D1，两个和三个基于标记的单倍型分别很好地捕获了 SDS-PAGE 等位基因的多样性。发现差异主要针对 Glu-B1 基因座。然而，统计测试表明，与相关的 SDS-PAGE 等位基因相比，每个 Glu-B1 基因上的两个标记及其相应的单倍型与面团的流变特性更显着相关。总而言之，该研究表明，开发的 SNP 标记提供了有关 HMW-GS 多样性的额外信息。Glu-A1 的两个标记、Glu-B1 的四个标记和 Glu-D1 的两个标记构成了育种小麦以提高最终使用价值的有用工具箱。