PURPOSE To report evidence of chronic physical illnesses, mental health disorders, and psychological features as potential risk factors for back pain in children, adolescents, and young adults. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis included cohort and inception cohort studies that investigated potential risk factors for back pain in young people. Potential risk factors of interest were chronic physical illnesses, mental health disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety), and other psychological features (e.g. coping, resistance). Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus from inception to July 2019. RESULTS Nineteen of 2167 screened articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, and data from 12 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Evidence from inception cohort studies demonstrated psychological distress, emotional coping problems, and somatosensory amplification to be likely risk factors for back pain. Evidence from non-inception cohort studies cannot distinguish between risk factors or back pain triggers. However, we identified several additional factors that were associated with back pain. Specifically, asthma, headaches, abdominal pain, depression, anxiety, conduct problems, somatization, and 'feeling tense' are potential risk factors or triggers for back pain. Results from the meta-analyses demonstrated the most likely risk factors for back pain in young people are psychological distress and emotional coping problems. CONCLUSION Psychological features are the most likely risk factors for back pain in young people. Several other factors were associated with back pain, but their potential as risk factors was unclear due to risk of bias. Additional high-quality research is needed to better elucidate these relationships. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

中文翻译：

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慢性身体疾病，心理健康障碍和心理特征是从儿童到成年后背痛的潜在危险因素：荟萃分析的系统综述。

目的报告慢性身体疾病，心理健康障碍和心理特征的证据，作为儿童，青少年和年轻人背痛的潜在危险因素。方法该系统评价和荟萃分析包括队列研究和初始队列研究，研究了年轻人背痛的潜在危险因素。潜在的潜在危险因素是慢性身体疾病，心理健康障碍（例如抑郁，焦虑）和其他心理特征（例如应对，抵抗）。从开始到2019年7月，在MEDLINE，Embase，CINAHL和Scopus中进行搜索。结果2167篇筛选的文章中有19篇被纳入定性合成，荟萃分析中包括12篇文章的数据。初期队列研究的证据表明心理困扰，情绪应对问题和体感放大可能是背痛的危险因素。非初始队列研究的证据无法区分风险因素或腰痛触发因素。但是，我们发现了一些与腰痛有关的其他因素。具体而言，哮喘，头痛，腹痛，抑郁，焦虑，行为问题，躯体化和“紧张感”是潜在的危险因素或引发背痛的原因。荟萃分析的结果表明，年轻人背痛的最可能危险因素是心理困扰和情绪应对问题。结论心理特征是年轻人背痛最可能的危险因素。背痛与其他一些因素有关，但由于偏倚的风险，尚不清楚它们作为危险因素的潜力。需要更多高质量的研究来更好地阐明这些关系。这些幻灯片可以在电子补充材料下找到。