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Association of Neighborhood-Level Disadvantage With Cerebral and Hippocampal Volume.
JAMA Neurology ( IF 20.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4501
Jack F V Hunt 1 , William Buckingham 2 , Alice J Kim 3 , Jennifer Oh 1 , Nicholas M Vogt 1 , Erin M Jonaitis 4 , Tenah K Hunt 5 , Megan Zuelsdorff 1 , Ryan Powell 2 , Derek Norton 1, 6 , Robert A Rissman 7 , Sanjay Asthana 1, 4, 8, 9 , Ozioma C Okonkwo 1, 4, 8, 9 , Sterling C Johnson 1, 4, 8, 9 , Amy J H Kind 1, 2, 8, 9 , Barbara B Bendlin 1, 4, 8, 9
Affiliation  

Importance Identifying risk factors for brain atrophy during the aging process can help direct new preventive approaches for dementia and cognitive decline. The association of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage with brain volume in this context is not well known. Objective To test whether neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with decreased brain volume in a cognitively unimpaired population enriched for Alzheimer disease risk. Design, Setting, and Participants This study, conducted from January 6, 2010, to January 17, 2019, at an academic research neuroimaging center, used cross-sectional data on 951 participants from 2 large, ongoing cohort studies of Alzheimer disease (Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center clinical cohort). Participants were cognitively unimpaired based on National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroup diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease, confirmed through a consensus diagnosis panel. The cohort was enriched for Alzheimer disease risk based on family history of dementia. Statistical analysis was performed from April 3 to September 27, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The Area Deprivation Index, a geospatially determined index of neighborhood-level disadvantage, and cardiovascular disease risk indices were calculated for each participant. Linear regression models were fitted to test associations between relative neighborhood-level disadvantage (highest 20% based on state of residence) and hippocampal and total brain tissue volume, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Results In the primary analysis of 951 participants (637 women [67.0%]; mean [SD] age, 63.9 [8.1] years), living in the 20% most disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with 4.1% lower hippocampal volume (β = -317.44; 95% CI, -543.32 to -91.56; P = .006) and 2.0% lower total brain tissue volume (β = -20 959.67; 95% CI, -37 611.92 to -4307.43; P = .01), after controlling for intracranial volume, individual-level educational attainment, age, and sex. Robust propensity score-matched analyses determined that this association was not due to racial/ethnic or demographic characteristics. Cardiovascular risk score, examined in a subsample of 893 participants, mediated this association for total brain tissue but not for hippocampal volume. Conclusions and Relevance For cognitively unimpaired individuals, living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with significantly lower cerebral volumes, after controlling for maximal premorbid (total intracranial) volume. This finding suggests an association of community socioeconomic context, distinct from individual-level socioeconomic status, with brain volume during aging. Cardiovascular risk mediated this association for total brain tissue volume but not for hippocampal volume, suggesting that neighborhood-level disadvantage may be associated with these 2 outcomes via distinct biological pathways.

中文翻译:

邻域级劣势与大脑和海马体积的关联。

重要性 识别衰老过程中脑萎缩的风险因素有助于指导痴呆和认知能力下降的新预防方法。在这种情况下,邻里社会经济劣势与脑容量之间的关联并不为人所知。目的 测试社区层面的社会经济劣势是否与阿尔茨海默病风险丰富的认知未受损人群的脑容量减少有关。设计、设置和参与者 本研究于 2010 年 1 月 6 日至 2019 年 1 月 17 日在一个学术研究神经影像学中心进行,使用了来自 2 项正在进行的阿尔茨海默病大型队列研究的 951 名参与者的横断面数据(威斯康星登记处)阿尔茨海默病预防和威斯康星阿尔茨海默病研究中心临床队列)。根据国家老龄研究所-阿尔茨海默氏症协会工作组对轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病的诊断标准,参与者在认知上没有受损,并通过共识诊断小组确认。该队列根据痴呆家族史丰富了阿尔茨海默病风险。统计分析于 2019 年 4 月 3 日至 9 月 27 日进行。主要结果和措施 计算了每位参与者的地区剥夺指数(地理空间确定的邻里劣势指数)和心血管疾病风险指数。拟合线性回归模型以测试通过磁共振成像评估的相对邻域级劣势(基于居住状态的最高 20%)与海马和总脑组织体积之间的关联。结果 在对 951 名参与者(637 名女性 [67.0%];平均 [SD] 年龄,63.9 [8.1] 岁)的初步分析中,生活在 20% 的最贫困社区与海马体积减少 4.1% 相关(β = -317.44 ;95% CI,-543.32 至 -91.56;P = .006)和 2.0% 的总脑组织体积降低(β = -20 959.67;95% CI,-37 611.92 至 -4307.43;P = .01),控制后颅内容量、个人水平的教育程度、年龄和性别。稳健的倾向得分匹配分析确定这种关联不是由于种族/民族或人口特征。在 893 名参与者的子样本中检查的心血管风险评分介导了这种与总脑组织的关联,但与海马体积无关。结论和相关性 对于没有认知障碍的个体,在控制了最大病前(总颅内)体积后,生活在最贫困社区与显着降低的脑容量相关。这一发现表明,社区社会经济背景(不同于个人层面的社会经济地位)与衰老过程中的脑容量存在关联。心血管风险介导了这种与总脑组织体积的关联,但与海马体积无关,这表明邻里水平的劣势可能通过不同的生物学途径与这两种结果相关。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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