Numerous bioactive molecules produced in cells are involved in the process of bone formation. We consider that appropriate, simultaneous application of two types of bioactive molecules would accelerate the regeneration of tissues and organs. Therefore, we combined aspirin‐loaded liposomes (Asp@Lipo) and bone forming peptide‐1 (BFP‐1) on three dimensional‐printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold and determined whether this system improved bone regeneration outcomes. in vitro experiments indicated that Asp@Lipo/BFP‐1at a 3:7 ratio was the best option for enhancing the osteogenic efficiency of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). This was confirmed in an in vivo cranial defect animal model. In addition, RNA‐Seq was applied for preliminarily exploration of the mechanism of action of this composite scaffold system, and the results suggested that it mainly improved bone regeneration via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This approach will have potential for application in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

中文翻译：

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一种有效的双因子改良 3D 打印 PCL 支架，用于骨缺损修复。

细胞中产生的许多生物活性分子参与了骨形成过程。我们认为适当地同时应用两种生物活性分子会加速组织和器官的再生。因此，我们将载有阿司匹林的脂质体 (Asp@Lipo) 和成骨肽-1 (BFP-1) 结合在三维打印的聚己内酯 (PCL) 支架上，并确定该系统是否能改善骨再生结果。体外实验表明，3:7 的 Asp@Lipo/BFP-1 是提高人类间充质干细胞 (hMSCs) 成骨效率的最佳选择。这在体内颅骨缺损动物模型中得到证实。此外，还应用 RNA-Seq 初步探索了该复合支架系统的作用机制，结果表明，它主要通过 PI3K/AKT 信号通路促进骨再生。这种方法将有可能应用于骨组织工程和再生医学。