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Use of antibiotics and asthma medication for acute lower respiratory tract infections in people with and without asthma: retrospective cohort study.
Respiratory Research ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-06 , DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1233-5
Rachel Denholm 1 , Esther T van der Werf 1, 2 , Alastair D Hay 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Antibiotics are overused in patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs), but less is known about their use in patients with asthma, or the use of asthma medication for ALRTI in patients without asthma. Our aim was to describe the frequency, variation and drivers in antibiotic and asthma medication prescribing for ALRTI in adults with and without asthma in primary care. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis of patients aged ≥12 years, diagnosed with an ALRTI in primary care in 2014-15 was conducted using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Current asthma status, asthma medication and oral antibiotic use within 3 days of ALRTI infection was determined. Treatment frequency was calculated by asthma status. Mixed-effect regression models were used to explore between-practice variation and treatment determinants. RESULTS There were 127,976 ALRTIs reported among 110,418 patients during the study period, of whom 17,952 (16%) had asthma. Respectively, 81 and 79% of patients with and without asthma received antibiotics, and 41 and 15% asthma medication. There were significant differences in between-practice prescribing for all treatments, with greatest differences seen for oral steroids (odds ratio (OR) 18; 95% CI 7-82 and OR = 94; 33-363, with and without asthma) and asthma medication only (OR 7; 4-18 and OR = 17; 10-33, with and without asthma). Independent predictors of antibiotic prescribing among patients with asthma included fewer previous ALRTI presentations (≥2 vs. 0 previous ALRTI: OR = 0.25; 0.16-0.39), higher practice (OR = 1.47; 1.35-1.60 per SD) and prior antibiotic prescribing (3+ vs. 1 prescriptions OR = 1.28; 1.04-1.57) and concurrent asthma medication (OR = 1.44; 1.32-1.57). Independent predictors of asthma medication in patients without asthma included higher prior asthma medication prescribing (≥7 vs. 0 prescriptions OR = 2.31; 1.83-2.91) and concurrent antibiotic prescribing (OR = 3.59; 3.22-4.01). CONCLUSION Findings from the study indicate that antibiotics are over-used for ALRTI, irrespective of asthma status, and asthma medication is over-used in patients without asthma, with between-practice variation suggesting considerable clinical uncertainty. Further research is urgently needed to clarify the role of these medications for ALRTI.

中文翻译:

使用抗生素和哮喘药物治疗有无哮喘的急性下呼吸道感染的回顾性队列研究。

背景技术抗生素在患有急性下呼吸道感染(ALRTIs)的患者中被过度使用,但是对于在哮喘患者中使用抗生素或在没有哮喘的患者中使用哮喘药物来治疗ALRTI知之甚少。我们的目的是描述在初级保健中有或没有哮喘的成年人中开具ALRTI的抗生素和哮喘药物处方的频率,变化和驱动因素。方法采用临床实践研究数据链中的数据,对2014-15年诊断为ALRTI的≥12岁患者进行回顾性队列分析。确定了ALRTI感染后3天内的当前哮喘状况,哮喘药物和口服抗生素使用情况。根据哮喘状况计算治疗频率。混合效应回归模型用于探讨实践之间的差异和治疗决定因素。结果在研究期间,共有110,418名患者报告了127,976例ALRTI,其中17,952(16%)名患有哮喘。分别有81%和79%的患有和不患有哮喘的患者接受了抗生素治疗,分别接受了41%和15%的哮喘治疗药物。所有治疗的处方之间存在显着差异,口服类固醇(优势比(OR)18; 95%CI 7-82和OR = 94; 33-363,有或没有哮喘)和哮喘差异最大仅使用药物(OR 7; 4-18,OR = 17; 10-33,有或没有哮喘)。哮喘患者中抗生素处方的独立预测因素包括较少的先前ALRTI表现(≥2比0先前的ALRTI:OR = 0.25; 0.16-0.39),较高的实践水平(OR = 1.47; 1.35-1)。每SD 60片)和先前的抗生素处方(3份vs. 1份处方,OR = 1.28; 1.04-1.57)和并发哮喘药物(OR = 1.44; 1.32-1.57)。没有哮喘患者的哮喘药物独立预测因素包括较高的既往哮喘药物处方(≥7比0处方OR = 2.31; 1.83-2.91)和同时抗生素处方(OR = 3.59; 3.22-4.01)。结论研究的结果表明,无论哮喘状况如何,ALRTI都过度使用了抗生素,而没有哮喘的患者过度使用了哮喘药物,实践之间的差异表明临床上存在很大的不确定性。迫切需要进一步的研究来阐明这些药物对ALRTI的作用。57)。没有哮喘患者的哮喘药物独立预测因素包括较高的既往哮喘药物处方(≥7比0处方OR = 2.31; 1.83-2.91)和同时抗生素处方(OR = 3.59; 3.22-4.01)。结论研究的结果表明,无论哮喘状况如何,ALRTI都过度使用了抗生素,而没有哮喘的患者过度使用了哮喘药物,实践之间的差异表明临床上存在很大的不确定性。迫切需要进一步的研究来阐明这些药物对ALRTI的作用。57)。没有哮喘患者的哮喘药物独立预测因素包括较高的既往哮喘药物处方(≥7比0处方OR = 2.31; 1.83-2.91)和同时抗生素处方(OR = 3.59; 3.22-4.01)。结论研究的结果表明,无论哮喘状况如何,ALRTI都过度使用了抗生素,而没有哮喘的患者过度使用了哮喘药物,实践之间的差异表明临床上存在很大的不确定性。迫切需要进一步的研究来阐明这些药物对ALRTI的作用。结论研究的结果表明,无论哮喘状况如何,ALRTI都过度使用了抗生素,而没有哮喘的患者过度使用了哮喘药物,实践之间的差异表明临床上存在很大的不确定性。迫切需要进一步的研究来阐明这些药物对ALRTI的作用。结论研究的结果表明,不论哮喘状况如何,ALRTI都过度使用了抗生素,而没有哮喘的患者过度使用了哮喘药物,实践之间的差异表明临床上存在很大的不确定性。迫切需要进一步的研究来阐明这些药物对ALRTI的作用。
更新日期:2020-01-06
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