Over the last decade, progress has been made on the development of microphysiological systems (MPS) for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) applications. Central to this progress has been proof of concept data generated by academic and industrial institutions followed by broader characterization studies, which provide evidence for scalability and applicability to drug discovery and development. In this review, we describe some of the advances made for specific tissue MPS and outline the desired functionality for such systems, which are likely to make them applicable for practical use in the pharmaceutical industry. Single organ MPS platforms will be valuable for modelling tissue-specific functions. However, dynamic organ crosstalk, especially in the context of disease or toxicity, can only be obtained with the use of inter-linked MPS models which will enable scientists to address questions at the intersection of pharmacokinetics (PK) and efficacy, or PK and toxicity. In the future, successful application of MPS platforms that closely mimic human physiology may ultimately reduce the need for animal models to predict ADME outcomes and decrease the overall risk and cost associated with drug development.

中文翻译：

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与ADME相关的应用的微生理系统：系统开发和表征的现状和建议。

在过去的十年中，用于吸收，分布，代谢和排泄（ADME）应用的微生理系统（MPS）的开发取得了进展。这一进展的中心是学术机构和工业机构生成的概念数据证明，然后进行了更广泛的表征研究，这些研究为药物发现和开发的可扩展性和适用性提供了证据。在这篇综述中，我们描述了针对特定组织MPS的一些进展，并概述了此类系统所需的功能，这很可能使它们适用于制药行业的实际应用。单器官MPS平台对于组织特定功能的建模非常有价值。但是，动态器官的串扰，尤其是在疾病或毒性的情况下，只能通过使用相互关联的MPS模型来获得，这将使科学家能够解决药代动力学（PK）与功效或PK与毒性相交的问题。将来，成功应用紧密模仿人类生理机能的MPS平台可能最终减少对动物模型进行ADME预测的需求，并降低与药物开发相关的总体风险和成本。