At the colonization site of a foreign entity, plant cells alter their trajectory of growth and development. The resulting structure – a plant gall – accommodates various needs of the foreigner, which are phylogenetically diverse: viruses, bacteria, protozoa, oomycetes, true fungi, parasitic plants, and many types of animals, including rotifers, nematodes, insects, and mites. The plant species that make galls also are diverse. We assume gall production costs the plant. All is well if the foreigner provides a gift that makes up for the cost. Nitrogen‐fixing nodule‐inducing bacteria provide nutritional services. Gall wasps pollinate fig trees. Unfortunately for plants, most galls are made for foes, some of which are deeply studied pathogens and pests: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Rhodococcus fascians, Xanthomonas citri, Pseudomonas savastanoi, Pantoea agglomerans, ‘Candidatus’ phytoplasma, rust fungi, Ustilago smuts, root knot and cyst nematodes, and gall midges. Galls are an understudied phenomenon in plant developmental biology. We propose gall inception for discovering unifying features of the galls that plants make for friends and foes, talk about molecules that plants and gall‐inducers use to get what they want from each other, raise the question of whether plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi respond in a gall‐like manner, and present a research agenda.

中文翻译：

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植物使胆汁容纳外国人：一些是朋友，大多数是敌人

在外来实体的定居点，植物细胞会改变其生长和发育轨迹。由此产生的结构-植物胆-适应了外国人的各种需求，这些需求在系统发育上是多种多样的：病毒，细菌，原生动物，卵菌，真真菌，寄生植物以及许多类型的动物，包括轮虫，线虫，昆虫和螨虫。形成胆汁的植物种类也多种多样。我们假设胆汁生产使工厂成本上升。如果外国人提供可以弥补费用的礼物，那一切都很好。固氮根瘤菌可提供营养服务。胆黄蜂授粉无花果树。不幸的是，对于植物而言，大多数胆汁都是为敌人而制成的，其中一些是经过深入研究的病原体和害虫：根癌土壤杆菌，法氏红球菌，柑橘黄单胞菌（Xanthomonas citri），假单胞菌（Pseudomonas savastanoi），团聚泛菌（Pantoea agloglomerans），'念珠菌（Candidatus） '植物质原，锈菌，弓形虫（Ustilago smuts），根结和囊肿线虫以及gall虫。胆汁是植物发育生物学中被忽视的现象。我们提出了盖勒萌生法，以发现植物为朋友和敌人制造的统一的盖勒特征，谈论植物和盖勒诱导剂相互获取所需的分子，提出了丛枝菌根真菌定植的植物是否有反应的问题以类似胆囊的方式提出研究议程。