Aims Phosphorus (P) loss from paddy fields is a significant issue in sustainable rice production by threatening water environments. We aimed to examine the suitability of mycorrhiza-defective rice (non-mycorrhizal) and its mycorrhizal progenitor to evaluate P loss control via arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We also aimed to investigate the AM effect on P loss via runoff and leaching. Methods We grew the two rice lines in microcosms with and without AM fungi, measured P loss via runoff and leaching before and after nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilization, and quantified plant P content and soil P concentration after the final harvest. Results Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal rice pair systems in the absence of AM fungi had similar plant, soil, runoff, and leachate P contents (except PO 4 3− ). In the presence of AM fungi, the concentrations of all P forms in runoff water and leachate in mycorrhizal rice were lower than those in nonmycorrhizal rice regardless of their solubility in water and availability to plants. The cumulative P loss from mycorrhizal systems was 10% less than that from their nonmycorrhizal counterparts. Conclusions This mycorrhizal/non-mycorrhizal rice pair is an efficient experimental tool for research on the control of P loss from paddy fields with AM fungi. AM colonization contributes to the sustainability of rice production by decreasing P loss from paddy fields.

中文翻译：

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丛枝菌根有助于控制稻田磷素流失

稻田中的磷 (P) 损失是可持续水稻生产中的一个重要问题，它威胁着水环境。我们旨在检查菌根缺陷水稻（非菌根）及其菌根祖先通过丛枝菌根 (AM) 真菌评估 P 损失控制的适用性。我们还旨在通过径流和浸出研究 AM 对 P 损失的影响。方法 我们在有和没有 AM 真菌的微观世界中种植两个水稻品系，测量氮磷钾施肥前后径流和浸出的 P 损失，并在最终收获后量化植物 P 含量和土壤 P 浓度。结果 在没有 AM 真菌的情况下，菌根和非菌根水稻对系统具有相似的植物、土壤、径流和渗滤液 P 含量（PO 4 3- 除外）。在 AM 真菌存在的情况下，无论它们在水中的溶解度和植物的有效性如何，菌根水稻中径流水和渗滤液中所有 P 形式的浓度都低于非菌根水稻。菌根系统的累积 P 损失比非菌根系统少 10%。结论 该菌根/非菌根水稻对是研究 AM 真菌控制稻田磷流失的有效实验工具。AM 定植通过减少稻田中的磷损失来促进水稻生产的可持续性。结论 该菌根/非菌根水稻对是研究 AM 真菌控制稻田磷流失的有效实验工具。AM 定植通过减少稻田中的磷损失来促进水稻生产的可持续性。结论 该菌根/非菌根水稻对是研究 AM 真菌控制稻田磷流失的有效实验工具。AM 定植通过减少稻田中的磷损失来促进水稻生产的可持续性。