Abstract Film-forming polymer technologies can contribute to insect-pest control by causing adverse effects directly to insects such as slowing development, causing mortality, and/or indirectly as a spray ingredient that improves pesticide efficacy by resisting environmental degradation such as wash-off by rain. Amylose complexes produced from either fatty acid [amylose sodium palmitate (Na-Palm)] or fatty ammonium salts [amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride complex (Hex-Am)], when blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), dry to form films that were significantly more water resistant then films formed by their constitutive components and adhered strongly to treated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] leaves with no impact on photosynthesis or yield in simulated field trials. As an experimental bioinsecticide formulation to resist wash-off, AfMNPV baculovirus was incorporated into both amylose complex formulations and sprayed on soybean. After a simulated rain event, soybean treated with the baculovirus/Na-Palm/PVOH (1:1) retained 93% of the original insecticidal activity against Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) larvae as compared with the baculovirus only treatment, 53% activity retained. Curiously, initial insecticidal efficacy of film-forming treatments was significantly lower against T. ni when compared with unformulated baculovirus treatments, thus prompting further investigations. Both amylose complexes reduced larval feeding when sprayed on soybean, corresponding with reduced insect mortality by the baculovirus, which must be ingested to initiate infection. Hex-Am film coating over artificial diet inhibited the growth and development of T. ni and caused increased T. ni mortality and developmental delay as film thickness of Hex-Am/PVOH increased. These investigations demonstrate the potential of a new modified starch complex formulation to serve as a protective film forming agent and contribute to control of insect pests.

中文翻译：

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使用新型成膜淀粉复合物直接和间接减少昆虫对植物的损害

摘要 成膜聚合物技术可以通过直接对昆虫造成不利影响（例如减缓发育、导致死亡）和/或作为喷雾成分间接提高杀虫剂功效，从而通过抵抗环境退化（例如被水冲走）来促进害虫控制。雨。由脂肪酸 [直链淀粉棕榈酸钠 (Na-Palm)] 或脂肪铵盐 [直链淀粉-十六烷基氯化铵复合物 (Hex-Am)] 产生的直链淀粉复合物，当与聚乙烯醇 (PVOH) 混合时，干燥形成的薄膜显着在模拟田间试验中，比由其组成成分形成并牢固粘附在处理过的大豆 [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] 叶子上的薄膜更耐水，对光合作用或产量没有影响。作为一种抗冲刷的实验性生物杀虫剂配方，AfMNPV 杆状病毒被掺入两种直链淀粉复合物制剂中并喷洒在大豆上。在模拟降雨事件后，与仅使用杆状病毒处理的大豆相比，用杆状病毒/Na-Palm/PVOH (1:1) 处理的大豆保留了 93% 的原始杀虫活性。奇怪的是，与未配制的杆状病毒处理相比，成膜处理对 T.ni 的初始杀虫效力显着降低，因此促使进一步调查。当喷洒在大豆上时，两种直链淀粉复合物都减少了幼虫的摄食，对应于杆状病毒引起的昆虫死亡率降低，杆状病毒必须摄入以引发感染。人工饲料上的 Hex-Am 薄膜包衣抑制了 T. ni 的生长和发育并导致 T. ni 增加。随着 Hex-Am/PVOH 薄膜厚度的增加，死亡率和发育迟缓的增加。这些研究证明了一种新的改性淀粉复合制剂作为保护膜形成剂并有助于控制害虫的潜力。