Abstract Dysdercus koenigii (Fabricius) is an economic pest in the cotton agro-ecosystem of Pakistan. Cross-resistance and inheritance patterns of emamectin benzoate resistance were explored in D. koenigii populations from Southern Punjab, Pakistan. After seven selection cycles with emamectin benzoate, a D. koenigii field population gained 48342-fold resistance to emamectin benzoate. The dominance value of emamectin benzoate resistance was 0.95 for both F1 and F1‡, suggesting complete dominant resistance. Backcrosses of hybrids with susceptible parents predicted polygenic resistance. Realized heritability of emamectin benzoate resistance was 0.59. When mean slope = 2.03 and h2 = 0.59, 4.8–1.6 generations were projected for a 10-fold increase in lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values at 45–95% mortality. Cross-resistance analyses revealed extremely high (411–69592-fold) cross-resistance to all tested insecticides when compared with the susceptible reference strain and extremely low cross-resistance to acetamiprid (resistance ratio (RR) = 2.6), low cross-resistance to imidacloprid (RR = 20). High cross-resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (RR = 85) and extremely high cross-resistance to deltamethrin (RR = 2540) in emamectin benzoate-selected D. koenigii were also noted when compared to the field population. It can be concluded that the emamectin benzoate-selected strain revealed autosomal, completely dominant, polygenic resistance and high to extremely high cross-resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin. These results will assist in improving management of D. koenigii.

中文翻译：

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Dysdercus koenigii 中的甲维菌素苯甲酸酯耐药风险评估：交叉耐药和遗传模式

摘要 Dysdercus koenigii (Fabricius) 是巴基斯坦棉花农业生态系统中的一种经济害虫。在巴基斯坦南部旁遮普省的 D. koenigii 种群中探索了甲维菌素苯甲酸酯抗性的交叉抗性和遗传模式。在使用 emamectin benzoate 进行 7 个选择周期后，D. koenigii 野外种群对 emamectin benzoate 的抗性提高了 48342 倍。F1 和 F1‡ 的 emamectin 苯甲酸酯抗性的显性值为 0.95，表明完全显性抗性。与易感亲本的杂种回交预测了多基因抗性。对甲维菌素苯甲酸酯抗性的已实现遗传率为 0.59。当平均斜率 = 2.03 且 h2 = 0.59 时，预计 4.8-1.6 代的致死浓度 50 (LC50) 值增加 10 倍，死亡率为 45-95%。交叉耐药性分析显示，与敏感参考菌株相比，对所有测试杀虫剂的交叉耐药性极高（411–69592 倍），对啶虫脒的交叉耐药性极低（耐药比 (RR) = 2.6），交叉耐药性低吡虫啉 (RR = 20)。与野外种群相比，还注意到甲维菌素苯甲酸盐选择的 D. koenigii 对 λ-三氯氟氰菊酯 (RR = 85) 的高交叉抗性和对溴氰菊酯 (RR = 2540) 的极高交叉抗性。可以得出结论，emamectin 苯甲酸盐选择的菌株显示常染色体、完全显性、多基因抗性以及对λ-三氯氟氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的高至极高交叉抗性。这些结果将有助于改善 D. koenigii 的管理。