Abstract In recent years, Spain has been the scenario of the largest production growth of persimmon worldwide. However, circular leaf spot of persimmon, caused by Plurivorosphaerella nawae, was responsible for causing severe yield and economic losses. This work studied the effect of spray volume rate, droplet size, and application timing on spray distribution and disease control efficacy for mancozeb, pyraclostrobin and difenoconazole applications. Also fungicide degradation dynamics on persimmon leaves were studied. A method to inoculate persimmon plants using natural inoculum of P. nawae was developed. Results showed that spray volume influenced canopy spray coverage regardless of the fungicide used, but it did not influence disease control efficacy, except when pyraclostrobin was applied as pre-inoculation spray. Pyraclostrobin also showed a good post-inoculation activity. Influence of droplet size on spray coverage depended on the leaf side considered but it did not affect disease control efficacy except for pyraclostrobin applied 14 days after inoculation, when coarse droplets had lower control than fine ones. In general, slight degradation dynamics of fungicide residues on leaves were observed at 14 days.

中文翻译：

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喷雾量、施药时间和雾滴大小对不同杀菌剂喷雾分布及防治柿圆叶斑病效果的影响

摘要 近年来，西班牙已成为全球柿子产量增长最快的地区。然而，由 Plurivorosphaerella nawae 引起的柿子圆形叶斑病是造成严重产量和经济损失的原因。这项工作研究了喷雾体积速率、液滴大小和施用时间对代森锰锌、唑菌胺酯和苯醚甲环唑施用的喷雾分布和疾病控制功效的影响。还研究了柿叶上的杀菌剂降解动态。开发了一种使用 P. nawae 天然接种物接种柿子植物的方法。结果表明，无论使用何种杀菌剂，喷洒量都会影响冠层喷洒覆盖率，但不影响病害防治效果，除非唑菌胺酯用作接种前喷洒。唑菌胺酯也显示出良好的接种后活性。雾滴大小对喷雾覆盖率的影响取决于所考虑的叶面，但它不影响病害防治效果，除了在接种后 14 天施用唑菌胺酯，当时粗雾滴的防治效果低于细雾滴。一般而言，在 14 天时观察到叶片上杀菌剂残留的轻微降解动态。