Abstract Brassica crop rotations have been associated with the reduction of pathogens, due to both the production of volatile sulfur compounds and changes in soil microbial community composition. In this research Brassica carinata, as break crop green manure, was evaluated for the control of common root rot and Fusarium foot rot of durum wheat in a complete randomized experimental scheme. Field trials were performed on seven farms, in some of the most representative areas of cereal production in Sicily, from 2011 to 2013. A total eradication of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Microdochium nivale populations following the B. carinata break crop, as compared to wheat monoculture, was found in all experimental fields. Fusarium culmorum population reduction ranged between 90% and 66%, with an average of 82% considering all field trials data. Symptoms or signs of common root rot were absent on wheat plants grown after the B. carinata break crop but were detectable on the wheat monoculture. Both incidence and severity of Fusarium foot rot were also reduced, by an average of 40.6% and 56.3%, respectively, following the B. carinata break crop in six of the seven field trials. After B. carinata break crop, wheat plant growth showed significant increases in height and weight, with an average increase of 48.3% and 49.0% respectively. Durum wheat grain yield was also significantly greater following the Brassica green manure, with increases ranging from 9.5% to 62.2%, as compared to wheat monoculture. B. carinata break crop green manure was also characterized by interesting results in terms of disease management in comparison to controls. These results suggest that the use of Brassicas such as B. carinata, as a break crop green manure, may potentially provide significant reduction of pathogens and disease development as well as improvement in grain yield of the succeeding crop.

中文翻译：

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白菜断茬绿肥防治小麦常见根腐病和镰刀菌根腐病

摘要 由于挥发性硫化合物的产生和土壤微生物群落组成的变化，芸苔属植物轮作与病原体的减少有关。在这项研究中，以完整的随机试验方案评估了油菜（Brassica carinata）作为破茬作物绿肥对硬质小麦常见根腐病和镰刀菌根腐病的防治效果。2011 年至 2013 年在西西里岛一些最具代表性的谷物生产区的七个农场进行了田间试验。在所有的实验领域都发现了。Fusarium culmorum 种群减少范围在 90% 到 66% 之间，考虑到所有田间试验数据，平均减少 82%。普通根腐病的症状或迹象在 B. carinata 作物后生长的小麦植物中不存在，但在小麦单一栽培中可检测到。在七次田间试验中的六次中，在 B. carinata 断茬后，镰刀菌脚腐病的发生率和严重程度也分别平均降低了 40.6% 和 56.3%。B. carinata 断茬后，小麦植株生长的高度和重量显着增加，平均分别增加了 48.3% 和 49.0%。与小麦单一栽培相比，使用芸苔绿肥后的硬粒小麦籽粒产量也显着提高，增加了 9.5% 至 62.2%。与对照相比，B. carinata 作物绿肥在疾病管理方面的表现也很有趣。