The extensive use of insecticides can cause adverse side effects on pollinators, which negatively impact crop productivity. The pollination carried out by the honeybee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is crucial in increasing the productivity of the melon (Cucumis melo L.). The main objective of this study was to assess if insecticides applied in the cultivation of cantaloupe melon exhibit significant levels of toxicity toward A. mellifera. We tested the toxicity of azadirachtin, pyriproxyfen, chlorantraniliprole, and imidacloprid, which are commonly sprayed to manage melon pests such as the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), the pickleworm Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll) and the melonworm Diaphania hyalinata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Three treatments were carried out, 0.0×, 0.1x and 1.0x the concentration recommended by the manufacturer for the control of those pests. Repellency tests, analysis of mortality through contact and ingestion, and flight tests were performed. The insecticide imidacloprid caused mortality rates above 90% in all tested exposure pathways, displaying high residue persistence on plants. Although not causing significant mortality in the ingestion test, pyriproxyfen caused significant mortality after exposure through contact, and change in flight ability. Azadirachtin caused mortality in the ingestion test and impaired the flight ability of bees, while chlorantraniliprole only impaired the flight ability. Moreover, bees were not repelled by these insecticides, suggesting that they may collect contaminated food in the field while foraging. Altogether, ecofriendly, alternative pest control options should be developed, as well as the adoption of more selective insecticides, in order to reduce the non-target effects on honeybees and guarantee their pollination services.

中文翻译：

---

在巴西，用于控制瓜类害虫的杀虫剂损害了蜜蜂的生存和飞行能力。

广泛使用杀虫剂会对授粉媒介产生不利的副作用，对作物的产量产生负面影响。蜜蜂Apis mellifera L.（Hymenoptera：Apidae）进行的授粉对于提高瓜类（Cucumis melo L.）的生产力至关重要。这项研究的主要目的是评估在哈密瓜瓜栽培中使用的杀虫剂是否对A. mellifera表现出显着的毒性。我们测试了印za素，吡吡氧芬，氯吡虫啉和吡虫啉的毒性，通常将其喷洒以治理瓜类害虫，例如粉虱Bemisia tabaci（Genn。）（Hemiptera：Aleyrodidae），Pickleworm nitidia nitidalis（Stoll）和melonworm Diaphaniahypania （L。）（鳞翅目：Pyralidae）。进行了三种处理，分别为0.0x，0.1x和1。制造商为控制这些害虫而建议的浓度的0倍。进行了拒斥性测试，通过接触和摄入进行死亡率分析以及飞行测试。杀虫剂吡虫啉在所有测试的暴露途径中均导致90％以上的死亡率，在植物上显示出较高的残留持久性。尽管在摄入试验中不会引起明显的死亡率，但吡吡洛芬通过接触和飞行能力的改变后却引起明显的死亡率。印za素可能引起摄入试验中的死亡率，并损害了蜜蜂的飞行能力，而绿花兰素仅损害了飞行能力。此外，蜜蜂没有被这些杀虫剂驱除，这表明它们在觅食时可能会在田间收集被污染的食物。总体而言，环保