We identified four chromosome regions harboring QTL for grain yield-related traits, and breeder-friendly KASP markers were developed and validated for marker-assisted selection. Identification of major stable quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain yield-related traits is important for yield potential improvement in wheat breeding. In the present study, 266 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Zhongmai 871 (ZM871) and its sister line Zhongmai 895 (ZM895) were evaluated for thousand grain weight (TGW), grain length (GL), grain width (GW), and grain number per spike (GNS) in 10 environments and for grain filling rate in six environments. Sixty RILs, with 30 higher and 30 lower TGW, respectively, were genotyped using the wheat 660 K SNP array for preliminary QTL mapping. Four genetic regions on chromosomes 1AL, 2BS, 3AL, and 5B were identified to have a significant effect on TGW-related traits. A set of Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR markers were converted from the SNP markers on the above target chromosomes and used to genotype all 266 RILs. The mapping results confirmed the QTL named Qgw.caas-1AL, Qgl.caas-3AL, Qtgw.caas-5B, and Qgl.caas-5BS on the targeted chromosomes, explaining 5.0-20.6%, 5.7-15.7%, 5.5-17.3%, and 12.5-20.5% of the phenotypic variation for GW, GL, TGW, and GL, respectively. A novel major QTL for GNS on chromosome 5BS, explaining 5.2-15.2% of the phenotypic variation, was identified across eight environments. These QTL were further validated using BC1F4 populations derived from backcrosses ZM871/ZM895//ZM871 (121 lines) and ZM871/ZM895//ZM895 (175 lines) and 186 advanced breeding lines. Collectively, selective genotyping is a simple, economic, and effective approach for rapid QTL mapping and can be generally applied to genetic mapping studies for important agronomic traits.

中文翻译：

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基于 SNP 的选择性基因分型对面包小麦产量相关性状的 QTL 定位。

我们确定了四个含有谷物产量相关性状 QTL 的染色体区域，并开发并验证了育种者友好型 KASP 标记以用于标记辅助选择。鉴定谷物产量相关性状的主要稳定数量性状位点（QTL）对于提高小麦育种的产量潜力具有重要意义。在本研究中，对来自中麦 871 (ZM871) 与其姊妹系中麦 895 (ZM895) 杂交的 266 个重组自交系 (RIL) 进行了千粒重 (TGW)、粒长 (GL)、粒宽 ( GW），以及 10 个环境中的每穗粒数 (GNS) 和 6 个环境中的籽粒灌浆率。使用小麦 660 K SNP 阵列对 60 个 RIL，分别具有 30 个较高和 30 个较低的 TGW 进行基因分型，用于初步 QTL 定位。染色体 1AL、2BS、3AL 上的四个遗传区域，和 5B 被确定对 TGW 相关性状有显着影响。一组竞争性等位基因特异性 PCR 标记从上述目标染色体上的 SNP 标记转换而来，用于对所有 266 个 RIL 进行基因分型。作图结果证实了目标染色体上命名为Qgw.caas-1AL、Qgl.caas-3AL、Qtgw.caas-5B和Qgl.caas-5BS的QTL，解释了5.0-20.6%、5.7-15.7%、5.5-17.3 GW、GL、TGW 和 GL 的表型变异分别为 % 和 12.5-20.5%。在 8 个环境中鉴定了 5BS 染色体上 GNS 的一个新的主要 QTL，解释了 5.2-15.2% 的表型变异。使用源自回交 ZM871/ZM895//ZM871（121 系）和 ZM871/ZM895//ZM895（175 系）和 186 个高级育种系的 BC1F4 种群进一步验证了这些 QTL。总的来说，选择性基因分型很简单，