Two-way massive MIMO amplify-and-forward relaying systems with non-ideal transceivers are investigated in this paper. To be general, multiple-antenna nodes and antenna correlation at both the user equipments (UEs) and the relay are considered, which differentiates the analysis from the prior ones. The achievable rate is analyzed and derived deterministically in closed-form. Joint scaling of the transmission powers and hardware impairments is then particularly investigated. Feasible scaling speeds for the transmission powers and hardware impairments are discovered when the number of relay antennas grows large. It is shown that down scaling of the transmission powers at the UEs and the relay and up scaling of the hardware impairment at the relay with the number of relay antennas are tolerable without reducing the expected rate. However, UE hardware impairment is a key limiting factor to the achievable rate and is not allowed to scale up with the number of relay antennas in order to achieve a non-vanishing rate. Moreover, ceiling effect on the achievable rate is still observable and the ceiling rate varies among different scaling cases. More interestingly, scalings of the UEs transmission power and the relay hardware impairment are found to be offsettable, which means that the relay hardware cost and the UE transmission power are tradable. It is found that the best tradeoff is achieved in the medium scalings of both the relay hardware impairment and UE transmission power. Numerical results are provided to verify the analysis and the tradability between the relay hardware cost and the UE transmission power. The analytical results thus provide solid foundation for flexible system designs under various cost and energy constraints.

中文翻译：

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具有非理想收发器的双向大规模 MIMO 中继系统：联合功率和硬件缩放

本文研究了具有非理想收发器的双向大规模 MIMO 放大转发中继系统。一般而言，考虑了用户设备（UE）和中继的多天线节点和天线相关性，这将分析与先前的分析区别开来。可实现的速率以封闭形式进行分析和确定性推导。然后特别研究传输功率和硬件损伤的联合缩放。当中继天线的数量变大时，会发现传输功率和硬件损伤的可行缩放速度。结果表明，在不降低预期速率的情况下，UE 和中继的传输功率的缩小以及中继硬件损伤的放大与中继天线的数量是可以容忍的。然而，UE 硬件损伤是可实现速率的关键限制因素，并且不允许随着中继天线的数量扩大以实现非消失速率。此外，可实现速率的上限效应仍然是可观察到的，并且上限率在不同的缩放情况下有所不同。更有趣的是，发现 UE 传输功率的缩放和中继硬件损伤是可以抵消的，这意味着中继硬件成本和 UE 传输功率是可以交易的。发现在中继硬件损伤和UE传输功率的中等缩放中实现了最佳折衷。提供数值结果以验证中继硬件成本和UE传输功率之间的分析和可交易性。