Abstract The fossil mammals that lived in the Brazilian Intertropical Region during the Quaternary are found in different types of deposits (e.g. natural tanks, ponds, caves, rockshelter, and riverbeds) throughout the Brazilian territory. The state of Bahia, located on northeastern Brazil, stands out for the presence of large and important caves, which are characterized by the natural deposition of sediments and fossils. The study aims to identify the fauna found in the Borboletas Cave, and to provide the first paleoecological inferences for the environment during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene. Here we present the first record of Palaeolama major, Hippidion principale and Smilodon populator in Paripiranga, Bahia. Coendou sp., Mazama gouazoubira, and Toxodon platensis, already known to the region, were also collected and identified. Based on the chronological and geographical distribution of the taxa, it is suggested that the faunal content found lived during the Late Pleistocene – Holocene. The presence of the taxa found indicate an open paleoenvironment, similar to savanna, with areas covered with grasses associated with areas with forest cover. This study demonstrates that the Borboletas Cave is the richest paleontological site carrying the mammals in this region.

中文翻译：

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巴西巴伊亚东北部 Paripiranga Borboletas Cave 脊椎动物化石的分类学和古环境推断

摘要 第四纪期间生活在巴西热带地区的哺乳动物化石存在于巴西境内不同类型的沉积物（例如天然水池、池塘、洞穴、岩石庇护所和河床）中。巴伊亚州位于巴西东北部，以其巨大而重要的洞穴而引人注目，这些洞穴的特点是自然沉积的沉积物和化石。该研究旨在确定在 Borboletas 洞穴中发现的动物群，并为晚更新世 - 全新世期间的环境提供第一个古生态推断。在这里，我们展示了巴伊亚州 Paripiranga 的 Palaeolama Major、Hippidion principale 和 Smilodon 种群的第一个记录。还收集并鉴定了该地区已知的 Coendou sp.、Mazama gouazoubira 和 Toxodon platensis。根据分类群的年代和地理分布，推测发现的动物群生活在晚更新世-全新世。发现的分类群的存在表明开放的古环境，类似于稀树草原，草覆盖的区域与森林覆盖的区域相关。这项研究表明，Borboletas 洞穴是该地区携带哺乳动物最丰富的古生物学遗址。