Abstract Watershed scale models have become important tools to assess the effectiveness of regional and farm level remediation strategies for ecological restoration. The Everglades is an ecologically unique and complex system posing numerous challenges to water managers in South Florida. The Feeder Canal Basin (FCB) in Hendry County, Florida, drains 277 km2 of land into the central Everglades. During 2008–2017, the average annual total phosphorus (TP) concentration at the FCB outflow was approximately 89 μg/L, almost an order of magnitude higher than the restoration target for the Everglades marshes. This study aimed at evaluating remediation strategies - Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) to achieve TP targets for ecosystem restoration using an integrated modeling framework with a top-down approach. The baseline regime was modeled using the Watershed Assessment Model with multi-gage calibration (2000−2003) and validation (2004–2010). With the model performing satisfactory to very good for all gage locations, results indicated that row crops, groves & orchards, and improved pastures were largely responsible for TP concentrations and/or loads. BMP scenario results showed that TP loads could be reduced by 8% to 24% at the FCB outlet under minimal or very aggressive BMPs, respectively, indicating the need for additional water quality improvement projects to meet restoration targets. A preliminary design of two STAs, using the Dynamic Model for Stormwater Treatment Areas, estimated that a total of 52 km2 and 11.3 km2 of STAs will be required to achieve the TP concentration targets. The analysis framework employed in this study can be replicated in other watersheds to provide a holistic picture of remediation measures required to achieve water quality targets.

中文翻译：

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实现西部大沼泽地水质恢复目标的磷修复策略的流域尺度评估

摘要 流域尺度模型已成为评估区域和农场级生态恢复修复策略有效性的重要工具。大沼泽地是一个生态独特而复杂的系统，给南佛罗里达州的水资源管理者带来了诸多挑战。佛罗里达州亨德利县的馈线运河盆地 (FCB) 将 277 平方公里的土地排入大沼泽地中部。2008-2017 年，FCB 流出处的年均总磷 (TP) 浓度约为 89 μg/L，几乎比大沼泽地恢复目标高出一个数量级。本研究旨在评估修复策略 - 最佳管理实践 (BMP) 和雨水处理区 (STA)，以使用自上而下的综合建模框架实现生态系统恢复的 TP 目标。基线制度是使用流域评估模型与多量具校准 (2000-2003) 和验证 (2004-2010) 建模的。由于该模型在所有测量位置都表现令人满意或非常好，结果表明大田作物、小树林和果园以及改良的牧场是造成 TP 浓度和/或负荷的主要原因。BMP 情景结果显示，在最小或非常激进的 BMP 下，FCB 出口处的 TP 负荷可分别减少 8% 至 24%，这表明需要额外的水质改善项目来实现恢复目标。两个 STA 的初步设计，使用雨水处理区的动态模型，估计总共需要 52 平方公里和 11.3 平方公里的 STA 才能实现总磷浓度目标。