Many processes affect sea level near the coast. In this paper, we discuss the major uncertainties in coastal sea-level projections from a process-based perspective, at different spatial and temporal scales, and provide an outlook on how these uncertainties may be reduced. Uncertainty in centennial global sea-level rise is dominated by the ice sheet contributions. Geographical variations in projected sea-level change arise mainly from dynamical patterns in the ocean response and other geophysical processes. Finally, the uncertainties in the short-duration extreme sea-level events are controlled by near coastal processes, storms and tides.

中文翻译：

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基于 21 世纪过程的长期沿海海平面预测的不确定性

许多过程会影响海岸附近的海平面。在本文中，我们从基于过程的角度讨论了不同时空尺度上沿海海平面预测的主要不确定性，并展望了如何减少这些不确定性。百年全球海平面上升的不确定性主要由冰盖贡献决定。预计海平面变化的地理变化主要来自海洋响应和其他地球物理过程的动力模式。最后，短期极端海平面事件的不确定性受到近海岸过程、风暴和潮汐的控制。