We present an analysis of the oldest detailed account of tsunami run-up in Indonesia, that of the 1674 Ambon tsunami (Rumphius in Waerachtigh Verhael van de Schuckelijcke Aerdbebinge, BATAVIA, Dutch East Indies, 1675). At 100 m this is the largest run-up height ever documented in Indonesia, and with over 2300 fatalities even in 1674, it ranks as one of Indonesia’s most deadly tsunami disasters. We consider the plausible sources of earthquakes near Ambon that could generate a large, destructive tsunami, including the Seram Megathrust, the South Seram Thrust, and faults local to Ambon. We conclude that the only explanation for the extreme run-up observed on the north coast of Amon is a tsunami generated by an earthquake-triggered coastal landslide. We use a two-layer tsunami model to show that a submarine landslide, with an approximate volume of 1 km 3 , offshore the area on Ambon’s northern coast, between Seith and Hila, where dramatic changes in coastal landscape were observed can explain the observed tsunami run-up along the coast. Thus, the 1674 Ambon tsunami adds weight to the evidence from recent tsunamis, including the 1992 Flores, 2018 Palu and Sunda Strait tsunamis, that landslides are an important source of tsunami hazard in Indonesia.

中文翻译：

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1674 年安汶海啸：由地震引发的山体滑坡引起的极端爬升

我们对印度尼西亚最古老的海啸上升的详细记录进行了分析，即 1674 年安汶海啸（Waerachtigh Verhael van de Schuckelijcke Aerdbebinge，BATAVIA，荷属东印度群岛，1675 年的 Rumphius）。在 100 米处，这是印度尼西亚有史以来记录的最大爬升高度，即使在 1674 年也有 2300 多人死亡，它被列为印度尼西亚最致命的海啸灾难之一。我们考虑了安汶附近可能产生大型破坏性海啸的地震的合理来源，包括塞拉姆巨逆冲断层、南塞拉姆逆冲断层和安汶当地的断层。我们得出结论，在阿蒙北部海岸观察到的极端爬升的唯一解释是地震引发的沿海滑坡产生的海啸。我们使用两层海啸模型来展示海底滑坡，在安汶北部海岸的近海区域，Seith 和 Hila 之间，大约有 1 km 3 的体积，在那里观察到沿海景观的剧烈变化可以解释观察到的沿海岸海啸的上升。因此，1674 年的安汶海啸为近期海啸（包括 1992 年弗洛雷斯海啸、2018 年帕卢海啸和巽他海峡海啸）的证据增加了分量，即山体滑坡是印度尼西亚海啸灾害的重要来源。