The tsunami hazard for the Maltese Islands is poorly defined, and historic records are available for only two recent events. Most of the population and touristic infrastructure of the archipelago is concentrated along the eastern low-lying coastline, which is exposed to tsunamis from near-field and far-field sources. In this study we present a scenario-based tsunami inundation study to assess the impact of potential significant cases. We simulated four scenarios—two submarine landslide sources (outer Malta Plateau slide and Gela Basin slide) and two earthquake sources mimicking events comparable to the 365 A.D. western Hellenic Arc event and the 1693 south-east of Sicily event. We find that all scenarios cause inundation in densely populated low-lying bays or rias of Mellieha Bay, Xemxija, Salini, Gzira, Msida, Marsaskala, St Thomas Bay, Marsaxlokk and Birzebbuga. The largest inundation extents and flow depths (> 10 m) are produced by the two landslide sources and the western Hellenic Arc earthquake. Of interest is the role of the Malta Escarpment and Sicily in amplifying and reflecting tsunami waves, and in generating consistent hot spots along the eastern coastline of Malta.

中文翻译：

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马耳他群岛（地中海中部）的海啸淹没危害：海底滑坡和地震海啸情景研究

马耳他群岛的海啸灾害定义不明确，只有最近两次事件的历史记录可用。群岛的大部分人口和旅游基础设施都集中在东部低洼海岸线，该地区暴露于近场和远场源的海啸中。在这项研究中，我们提出了一项基于情景的海啸淹没研究，以评估潜在重大案件的影响。我们模拟了四种情景——两个海底滑坡源（外马耳他高原滑坡和格拉盆地滑坡）和两个地震源，模拟事件类似于公元 365 年的西希腊弧事件和 1693 年西西里岛东南事件。我们发现所有情况都会在人口稠密的低洼海湾或梅利哈湾、Xemxija、萨利尼、吉拉、姆西达、马尔萨斯卡拉、圣托马斯湾、Marsaxlokk 和 Birzebbuga。最大的淹没范围和水流深度（> 10 m）是由两个滑坡源和西部希腊弧地震产生的。令人感兴趣的是马耳他悬崖和西西里岛在放大和反射海啸波以及沿马耳他东部海岸线产生一致热点方面的作用。