Abstract

Together with Graphidaceae and Trypetheliaceae, Pyrenulaceae forms part of the "big three", the three most speciose, chiefly tropical microlichen families. Microlichens are the most diverse component of tropical lichen communities, with numerous species still to be discovered. Following previous analyses of Graphidaceae and Trypetheliaceae, here we present a global species richness estimate for Pyrenulaceae, using a recently devised method based on a global grid system. We refined this approach by using an iterative adjustment to estimate mean predicted grid range per species from a grid frequency histogram. We also adjusted a previously implemented randomization approach to estimate error margins. Our results showed a global estimate for Pyrenulaceae of (395–)441(–453) species world-wide, 307 of which are currently known, thus an overall predicted increase of over 40%. This includes 416 known and predicted tropical and 25 known, exclusively temperate species, the latter assumed to remain unchanged. While the robustness of the global prediction depends on accurately setting grid sampling scores, individual predicted grid richness varies according to additional factors such as evolutionary history. In addition to undescribed species contribution to predicted richness, we hypothesize that species delimitation studies in presumably widespread taxa will reveal refined species concepts with narrower ranges, thus further increasing estimated global richness. The comparison of predicted richness values for the three families Graphidaceae, Trypetheliaceae and Pyrenulaceae with regard to their evolutionary ages highlights this rather robust method as a promising tool to circumvent sampling and knowledge bias when assessing speciation and diversification patterns.

中文翻译：

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翼龙科（Ascomycota：钩齿龙）的全球物种丰富度预测，是“三大”最特殊的热带小地衣科中的最后一个

摘要

菊苣科与Graphidaceae和Trypetheliaceae一起是“三大动物”的一部分，“三大动物”是三个最特殊的，主要是热带小地衣科。小地衣是热带地衣群落中最多样化的组成部分，仍有许多物种待发现。在先前对Graphidaceae和Trypetheliaceae的分析之后，在这里，我们使用一种基于全球网格系统的最新设计方法，对Pyrenulaceae进行了全球物种丰富度估算。我们通过使用迭代调整从网格频率直方图估计每个物种的平均预测网格范围来改进此方法。我们还调整了以前实施的随机方法来估计误差容限。我们的结果显示，全球对全球（395–）441（–453）种火龙科的估计，目前已知其中307种，因此，总体预期增长将超过40％。其中包括416个已知和预测的热带物种和25个已知的仅温带物种，后者假定保持不变。尽管全局预测的鲁棒性取决于准确设置网格采样分数，但各个预测的网格丰富度会根据其他因素（例如进化历史）而变化。除了未描述的物种对预测的丰富度的贡献之外，我们假设在可能广泛分布的生物分类中的物种划界研究将揭示范围更窄的精制物种概念，从而进一步增加了估计的全球丰富度。比较三个科的蝶类科的预测的丰富度值，