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Watch out! Insecure relationships affect vigilance in wild spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2773-x
Laura Busia , Colleen M. Schaffner , Filippo Aureli

Vigilance is used to monitor extra-group threats as well as risky group members. We examined whether relationship quality affects vigilance patterns of spider monkeys. We used focal animal sampling to collect data on social interactions and individual vigilance of all adults and subadults (N = 22) in a community of well-habituated Geoffroy’s spider monkeys living in the protected area of Otoch Ma’ax Yetel Kooh, Yucatan, Mexico. Through a principal component analysis of seven indices of social interactions, we previously obtained three components of relationship quality, reflecting the levels of compatibility, value, and security. Such components could differentially affect vigilance depending on whether vigilance is directed to extra-group threats or risky group members. We tested whether an individual’s vigilance was affected by (1) the mean level of compatibility, the mean level of value and the mean level of security across subgroup members; (2) the lowest level of compatibility, the lowest level of value, and the lowest level of security with any subgroup member; and (3) the mean level of compatibility, the mean level of value, and the mean level of security with neighbors (i.e., subgroup members within 5 m). We did not find evidence for any effect of compatibility and value; however, security did affect vigilance, as individuals were more vigilant when they had a less secure relationship with the subgroup member with the lowest level of security or with the average neighbor. Vigilance for monitoring group members is common in primate species. We examined whether the quality of social relationships with subgroup members and neighbors modulates vigilance in wild spider monkeys. We used three components of relationship quality (reflecting the levels of compatibility, value, and security) and predicted each component would affect vigilance depending on whether vigilance was directed to extra-group threats or risky group members. We found no evidence that compatibility and value affected vigilance. However, an increase in vigilance occurred when spider monkeys had a less secure relationship with (1) the subgroup member with the lowest level of security and (2) the average neighbor. Our results show monitoring risky group members is an important component of vigilance, especially in species facing low predation pressure.

中文翻译:

小心!不安全的关系影响野生蜘蛛猴的警惕性(Ateles geoffroyi)

警惕用于监视组外威胁以及危险的组成员。我们检查了关系质量是否会影响蜘蛛猴的警觉模式。我们使用焦点动物采样来收集生活在墨西哥尤卡坦州 Otoch Ma'ax Yetel Kooh 保护区内生活良好的 Geoffroy 蜘蛛猴社区中所有成年和亚成年(N = 22)的社会互动和个体警惕性的数据. 通过对社交互动七个指标的主成分分析,我们之前得到了关系质量的三个成分,反映了兼容性、价值和安全性的水平。根据警惕是针对群体外威胁还是针对有风险的群体成员,此类组件可能会对警惕产生不同的影响。我们测试了个体的警惕性是否受到以下因素的影响:(1)子群体成员之间的平均兼容性水平、平均价值水平和平均安全水平;(2) 与任何子组成员的最低级别的兼容性、最低级别的价值和最低级别的安全性;(3) 与邻居(即5m内的子组成员)的平均兼容性水平、平均价值水平和平均安全水平。我们没有发现兼容性和价值的任何影响的证据;然而,安全确实会影响警惕性,因为当个人与安全级别最低的小组成员或普通邻居的关系不太安全时,他们会更加警惕。在灵长类动物中,对监测群体成员保持警惕是很常见的。我们检查了与亚群成员和邻居的社会关系质量是否会调节野生蜘蛛猴的警惕性。我们使用了关系质量的三个组成部分(反映了兼容性、价值和安全性的水平),并预测每个组成部分都会影响警惕,这取决于警惕是针对群体外威胁还是针对有风险的群体成员。我们没有发现兼容性和价值影响警惕性的证据。然而,当蜘蛛猴与 (1) 安全级别最低的亚群成员和 (2) 平均邻居的关系不太安全时,警惕性就会提高。我们的结果表明,监控危险的群体成员是提高警惕的重要组成部分,尤其是在面临低捕食压力的物种中。我们使用了关系质量的三个组成部分(反映了兼容性、价值和安全性的水平),并预测每个组成部分都会影响警惕,这取决于警惕是针对群体外威胁还是针对有风险的群体成员。我们没有发现兼容性和价值影响警惕性的证据。然而,当蜘蛛猴与 (1) 安全级别最低的亚群成员和 (2) 平均邻居的关系不太安全时,警惕性就会提高。我们的结果表明,监控危险的群体成员是提高警惕的重要组成部分,尤其是在面临低捕食压力的物种中。我们使用了关系质量的三个组成部分(反映了兼容性、价值和安全性的水平),并预测每个组成部分都会影响警惕,这取决于警惕是针对群体外威胁还是针对有风险的群体成员。我们没有发现兼容性和价值影响警惕性的证据。然而,当蜘蛛猴与 (1) 安全级别最低的亚群成员和 (2) 平均邻居的关系不太安全时,警惕性就会提高。我们的结果表明,监控危险的群体成员是提高警惕的重要组成部分,尤其是在面临低捕食压力的物种中。和安全)并预测每个组成部分会影响警惕,这取决于警惕是针对群体外威胁还是针对有风险的群体成员。我们没有发现兼容性和价值影响警惕性的证据。然而,当蜘蛛猴与 (1) 安全级别最低的亚群成员和 (2) 平均邻居的关系不太安全时,警惕性就会提高。我们的结果表明,监控危险的群体成员是提高警惕的重要组成部分,尤其是在面临低捕食压力的物种中。和安全)并预测每个组成部分会影响警惕,这取决于警惕是针对群体外威胁还是针对有风险的群体成员。我们没有发现兼容性和价值影响警惕性的证据。然而,当蜘蛛猴与 (1) 安全级别最低的亚群成员和 (2) 平均邻居的关系不太安全时,警惕性就会提高。我们的结果表明,监控危险的群体成员是提高警惕的重要组成部分,尤其是在面临低捕食压力的物种中。
更新日期:2019-11-27
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