Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a unique subset of microorganisms that have co-evolved with humans since the beginning of agricultural practices and animal domestication and throughout our never-ending quest for food preservation, digestibility, and flavor enhancement. LAB have historically played a preponderant role in our foods. In this review, we focus on the enzymatic activities and current or potential applications of LAB in our lives. A description of each of the enzymatic systems in LAB is included. Glycosidases, which hydrolyze the most abundant food molecules and as sources of carbon, sustain the lives of organisms on Earth as well as ensure microbial innocuity by the production of lactic acid from the uniquely mammalian carbohydrate, lactose. Lipases and proteases or proteinases are of fundamental importance in food fermentations and in dairy foods for flavor development. Bacteriocins and peptidoglycan hydrolases are part of the enzymatic system of LAB that has evolved to make these bacteria fierce competitors in various microbiomes, which are highly important for the human gut. In this review, we also present an explanation on how the versatility of the genetics of LAB can adapt to the matrix where they are placed with the advantage of not having any toxicity to humans. The systematic study of LAB enzymes has allowed for some unique applications in foods and biopharmaceutical industries. Here, we summarize how different enzyme systems in LAB are classified, and thus, facilitate much-needed further studies to understand the fundamentals and translate them into applications to improve our lives.

中文翻译：

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LAB生产的技术上相关的酶和蛋白质适用于工业和生物活性。

乳酸菌（LAB）是自农业实践和动物驯养开始以及我们对食品保存，消化率和风味增强的永无止境的追求以来与人类共同进化的独特微生物子集。LAB历来在我们的食品中扮演着重要角色。在本文中，我们重点关注乳酸菌在我们生活中的酶促活性以及当前或潜在的应用。包括了LAB中每个酶系统的描述。糖苷酶水解最丰富的食物分子并作为碳的来源，维持地球上生物的生命，并通过从独特的哺乳动物碳水化合物乳糖生产乳酸来确保微生物无害。脂肪酶和蛋白酶或蛋白酶在食品发酵和乳制品食品中对风味发展至关重要。细菌素和肽聚糖水解酶是LAB酶系统的一部分，已经进化为使这些细菌成为各种微生物组中的激烈竞争者，而微生物组对人体肠道至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们还对LAB遗传学的多功能性如何适应其所放置的基质以及对人类无毒的优势做出了解释。LAB酶的系统研究使其在食品和生物制药行业中具有某些独特的应用。在这里，我们总结了LAB中不同酶系统的分类方式，因此，