Prostate cancer is the fourth most common cancer and population-based screening programmes are being increasingly adopted worldwide. Screening-positive patients undergo routine transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided systematic biopsy, which is the current diagnostic standard for prostate cancer. However, systematic biopsies suffer from poor sensitivity, especially for the tumors of the anterior prostate and apex as well as in large volume glands. In the past decade, MRI-guided targeted biopsies have come up, which utilize the multiparametric capability of MRI to target lesions for sampling. MRI/TRUS fusion biopsies combine the advantages of MRI-targeting with that of real-time guidance made possible by TRUS. MRI–TRUS fusion biopsies are being increasingly used in men with high clinical suspicion of prostate cancer who have had prior negative systematic biopsies. A large number of fusion biopsy platforms are currently available commercially. Although the basic workflow is similar, there are differences in the operational software, biopsy routes offered, TRUS acquisition technique, type of correction applied at the time of fusion and in the probe tracking hardware. The article describes the current role and indications of MRI–TRUS fusion biopsy followed by a discussion on the workflow, patient preparation, biopsy procedure and complications.

前列腺癌是第四大最常见的癌症，基于人群的筛查计划在世界范围内越来越多地被采用。筛查阳性患者接受常规经直肠超声（TRUS）引导的系统活检，这是当前前列腺癌的诊断标准。但是，系统活检的敏感性较差，特别是对于前列腺前部和根尖以及大腺体的肿瘤。在过去的十年中，出现了由MRI引导的靶向活检，该活检利用MRI的多参数能力来靶向要采样的病变。MRI / TRUS融合活检结合了MRI靶向和TRUS实时指导的优势。MRI-TRUS融合活检在临床上高度怀疑前列腺癌且先前曾进行过阴性系统活检的男性中越来越多地使用。当前有大量融合活检平台可商购获得。尽管基本工作流程相似，但是在操作软件，提供的活检路线，TRUS采集技术，融合时应用的校正类型以及探针跟踪硬件方面存在差异。本文介绍了MRI-TRUS融合活检的当前作用和适应症，然后讨论了工作流程，患者准备，活检程序和并发症。TRUS采集技术，在融合时和探针跟踪硬件中应用的校正类型。本文介绍了MRI-TRUS融合活检的当前作用和适应症，然后讨论了工作流程，患者准备，活检程序和并发症。TRUS采集技术，在融合时和探针跟踪硬件中应用的校正类型。本文介绍了MRI-TRUS融合活检的当前作用和适应症，然后讨论了工作流程，患者准备，活检程序和并发症。