Clonal species may benefit from human disturbance because their vegetative fragments may be distributed via soil. Solidago canadensis is an invasive rhizomatous perennial frequently found in ruderal environments. When creating new infrastructure, digging and cutting are two main factors that may influence the spread of S. canadensis into new areas. To have a better understanding of the invasive potential of S. canadensis, we investigated whether S. canadensis was able to survive and grow from stem cuttings as well as from rhizomes. Rhizomes and cuttings were collected from three populations in Eastern Norway. The rhizomes and cuttings were planted in a pot experiment to assess their vegetative ability to propagate. Rhizome fragments (5 and 10 cm long) were buried at 0.5, 10 and 30 cm depths. The cuttings were planted as 15 cm stems, with the bottom 5 cm pushed into the soil. The results showed that rhizome length did not have an effect on survival. Although some sprouting occurred at all burial depths, increasing depth had a negative effect on rhizome survival. In general, development of the cuttings was good, but there were differences between population performance and survival. These results imply that care must be taken when (i) constructing new sites, because digging and transport of soil masses may spread S. canadensis into new areas by rhizomes or cuttings, and (ii) mowing road verges and other ruderal areas to prevent the spread of stem cuttings from one area to another.

中文翻译：

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加拿大一枝黄花的营养繁殖——碎片大小和埋藏深度重要吗？

克隆物种可能受益于人类干扰，因为它们的营养碎片可能通过土壤分布。Solidago canadensis 是一种侵入性的多年生根茎植物，常见于荒凉的环境中。在创建新的基础设施时，挖掘和切割是可能影响 S. canadensis 传播到新地区的两个主要因素。为了更好地了解 S. canadensis 的入侵潜力，我们调查了 S. canadensis 是否能够从茎插条和根茎中存活和生长。从挪威东部的三个种群中收集根状茎和插条。在盆栽试验中种植根茎和插条，以评估它们的营养繁殖能力。根茎碎片（5 和 10 厘米长）被埋在 0.5、10 和 30 厘米深处。插条被种植为 15 厘米的茎，将底部 5 厘米推入土壤中。结果表明，根茎长度对存活率没有影响。尽管在所有埋藏深度都发生了一些发芽，但增加深度对根茎的存活有负面影响。总体而言，插条发育良好，但种群性能和存活率存在差异。这些结果意味着在 (i) 建造新场地时必须小心，因为挖掘和运输土壤块可能会将加拿大 S. canadensis 通过根茎或插条传播到新区域，以及 (ii) 修剪路缘和其他荒野地区以防止茎插条从一个区域传播到另一个区域。增加深度对根茎的存活有负面影响。总体而言，插条发育良好，但种群性能和存活率存在差异。这些结果意味着在 (i) 建造新场地时必须小心，因为挖掘和运输土壤块可能会将加拿大 S. canadensis 通过根茎或插条传播到新区域，以及 (ii) 修剪路缘和其他荒野地区以防止茎插条从一个区域传播到另一个区域。增加深度对根茎的存活有负面影响。总体而言，插条发育良好，但种群性能和存活率存在差异。这些结果意味着在 (i) 建造新场地时必须小心，因为挖掘和运输土壤块可能会将加拿大 S. canadensis 通过根茎或插条传播到新区域，以及 (ii) 修剪路缘和其他荒野地区以防止茎插条从一个区域传播到另一个区域。