The development of acetolactate synthase (ALS) tolerant sugar beet provides new opportunities for weed control in sugar beet cultivation. The system consists of an ALS−inhibiting herbicide (foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone‐methyl) and a herbicide‐tolerant sugar beet variety. Previously, the use of ALS‐inhibitors in sugar beet was limited due to the susceptibility of the crop to active ingredients from this mode of action. The postulated benefits of cultivation of the ALS‐tolerant sugar beet are associated with potential risks. Up to now, with no relevant proportion of herbicide‐tolerant crops in Germany, ALS‐inhibitors are used in many different crops. An additional use in sugar beet cultivation could increase the selection pressure for ALS‐resistant weeds. To evaluate the impact of varying intensity of ALS‐inhibitor use on two weed species (Alopecurus myosuroides and Tripleurospermum perforatum) in a crop rotation, field trials were conducted in Germany in two locations from 2014 to 2017. Weed densities, genetic resistance background and crop yields were annually assessed. The results indicate that it is possible to control ALS‐resistant weeds with an adapted herbicide strategy in a crop rotation including herbicide‐tolerant sugar beet. According to the weed density and species, the herbicide strategy must be extended to graminicide treatment in sugar beet, and a residual herbicide must be used in winter wheat. The spread of resistant biotypes in our experiments could not be attributed to the integration of herbicide‐tolerant cultivars, although the application of ALS‐inhibitors promoted the development of resistant weed populations. Annual use of ALS‐inhibitors resulted in significant high weed densities and caused seriously yield losses. Genetic analysis of surviving weed plants confirmed the selection of ALS‐resistant biotypes.

中文翻译：

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不同选择压力下乙酰乙酸合酶耐性甜菜在轮作中杂草对除草剂的抗性发展

耐乙酰乳酸合酶（ALS）甜菜的发展为甜菜栽培中的杂草控制提供了新的机会。该系统由抑制ALS的除草剂（甲磺隆+噻菌灵+甲基）和耐除草剂的甜菜品种组成。以前，由于作物对这种作用方式的活性成分敏感，因此在甜菜中使用ALS抑制剂受到限制。种植耐ALS的甜菜的假定好处与潜在风险有关。到目前为止，在德国尚无耐除草剂作物的相关比例下，许多种作物都使用了ALS抑制剂。甜菜栽培中的其他用途可能会增加抗ALS杂草的选择压力。评估不同强度的ALS抑制剂对两种杂草的影响（麦卢草和三叶草）从2014年至2017年在德国的两个地方进行了农作物轮作。每年评估杂草密度，遗传抗性背景和农作物产量。结果表明，在作物轮作中采用适应性除草剂策略，包括耐除草剂的甜菜，可以控制ALS抗性杂草。根据杂草的密度和种类，除草剂策略必须扩展到甜菜中的除草剂处理，并且在冬小麦中必须使用残留的除草剂。尽管ALS抑制剂的应用促进了抗性杂草种群的发展，但在我们的实验中抗性生物型的传播不能归因于耐除草剂品种的整合。每年使用ALS抑制剂会导致很高的杂草密度，并导致严重的产量损失。对存活的杂草植物进行的遗传分析证实了对ALS具有抗性的生物型的选择。