Broadening the genetic base of elite breeding programmes is crucial for further breeding success. The absence of major adaption genes, however, often masks the grain yield breeding value of genetic resources. We assessed the ability of a hybrid strategy to provide unbiased performance estimates of 21 barley genetic resources. By crossing them to elite tester lines, 25 three‐way hybrids were produced and evaluated together with a part of their parents and eight elite hybrids for important agronomic traits in replicated field trials in four environments. The phenotypic data analyses revealed that the hybrid strategy facilitated to identify promising resources by substantially improving lodging resistance. Combining genotypic data for 5,562 SNPs with the phenotypic data highlighted the potential to boost the diversity of the elite breeding pool via targeted introgression of genetic resources into the male and female heterotic pools. We propose an application of the hybrid strategy for genetic resources of entire genebank collections and to use genome‐wide predictions to support a targeted choice of accessions with high value for barley breeding.

中文翻译：

---

用混合策略揭示大麦（Hordeum vulgare）遗传资源育种价值的概念证明

扩大优良育种计划的遗传基础对于进一步育种成功至关重要。然而，缺乏主要的适应基因常常掩盖了遗传资源的谷物增产育种价值。我们评估了混合策略提供21种大麦遗传资源无偏倚性能估计的能力。通过将它们交配到优良的测试系，在四个环境中重复田间试验中，生产和评估了25种三元杂交种及其部分亲本和8个优良杂种的重要农艺性状。表型数据分析表明，该混合策略通过显着提高抗倒伏性而有助于鉴定有前途的资源。结合5的基因型数据 具有表型数据的562个SNPs突出显示了通过有针对性地将遗传资源渗入雄性和雌性杂种池来提高精英育种池多样性的潜力。我们建议将杂交策略应用于整个种质库集合的遗传资源，并使用全基因组预测来支持针对大麦育种具有高价值的种质进行有针对性的选择。