MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are involved in regulation of gene expression in almost all plant and animal systems. In crop plants, a large number of miRNAs are now known, which regulate expression of genes controlling a variety of traits including yield and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Like protein‐coding genes, miRNA genes (MIRs) and their products (including pri‐miRNAs, pre‐miRNAs or miRNAs themselves) also exhibit sequence variation. This variation affects the corresponding miRNAs in a variety of ways including their own transcription, maturation and target specificity. In this review, we summarize the available information on markers based on sequence variations in MIRs and the corresponding target genes. The association of these markers with agronomic traits of value and their possible use in crop improvement is also discussed using suitable examples.

中文翻译：

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编码miRNA /靶标的基因的序列变异以及其他可能用于作物改良的相关方法

MicroRNA（miRNA）是小的非编码RNA（ncRNA），几乎在所有动植物系统中都参与基因表达的调控。在农作物中，现在已知大量的miRNA，它们调节控制多种性状的基因的表达，这些性状包括产量以及对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性。像蛋白质编码基因一样，miRNA基因（MIR）及其产物（包括primiRNA，pre-miRNA或miRNA本身）也表现出序列变异。这种变异以多种方式影响相应的miRNA，包括其自身的转录，成熟度和靶标特异性。在这篇综述中，我们基于MIR和相应靶基因的序列变异总结了有关标记的可用信息。