In cucumber, the genetic basis of traits under domestication and/or diversifying selection is not well understood. Here, we reported QTL mapping for flowering time and fruit size‐related traits with segregating populations derived from a cultivated × wild cross. Phenotypic data of flowering time (FT), fruit size (FS), fruit number (FN) and fruit weight per plant (FW) were collected in multiple environments. QTL analysis identified 19 QTL for these traits. We found that the major‐effect QTL FT1.1 played an important role in regulating flowering time in cultivated cucumber, whereas the minor‐effect QTL FT6.3 contributed to photoperiod sensitive flowering time during domestication. Two novel consensus FS QTL, FS1.4 and FS2.3, seem to be the targets of selection during breeding for the US processing cucumber. All other FS QTL were co‐localized with previously detected QTL using populations derived from cultivated cucumbers, suggesting that they were under selection during both initial domestication and subsequent improvement. Results from this study also suggested that the wild cucumber is a useful resource for capturing positive transgressive segregation and novel alleles that could be explored in cucumber breeding.

中文翻译：

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黄瓜驯化和多样性选择下果实大小和开花时间相关性状的数量性状基因座

在黄瓜中，对驯化和/或多样化选择下的性状的遗传基础了解甚少。在这里，我们报道了从开花×野生杂交得到的分离种群的开花时间和果实大小相关性状的QTL定位。在多个环境中收集了开花时间（FT），果实大小（FS），果实数量（FN）和每株植物重量（FW）的表型数据。QTL分析确定了这些特征的19个QTL。我们发现，主要影响的QTL FT1.1在调节栽培黄瓜的开花时间方面起着重要作用，而次要影响的QTL FT6.3则在驯化期间对光周期敏感的开花时间有所贡献。两种新颖的共识性FS QTL：FS1.4和FS2.3，似乎是美国加工黄瓜育种期间的选择目标。所有其他FS QTL与先前检测到的QTL均使用栽培黄瓜的种群进行共定位，这表明在最初的驯化和随后的改良过程中都在选择它们。这项研究的结果还表明，野生黄瓜是捕获阳性越境隔离和黄瓜育种中可能发现的新等位基因的有用资源。