In recent years, plant molecular research on genetic mapping, gene tagging and cloning, and marker‐assisted selection (MAS) have gained importance in crop improvement programmes. In Capsicum, several inter‐ and intra‐specific genetic maps with wide distribution of markers covering the whole genome have been developed. Recently, whole genome of the hot pepper C. annuum, its wild progenitor C. annuum var. glabriusculum and C. baccatum has been sequenced. The Capsicum genome size has been estimated to be approx. 4× (3.48 Gb) the genome size of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (900 Mb). Breeders’ access to the pepper genomic information would facilitate the choice of markers from different linkage groups, thus paving the way for gene cloning and its introgression into the elite breeding lines through MAS. Till date, approx. 20 independently inherited nuclear male sterility (NMS) genes have been reported. Linked markers have been identified for ms1, ms3, ms8, ms10, ms_k, msc‐1 and an undesignated gene. However, markers tightly linked to ms8 and ms10 are still lacking. Except ms1, ms3, ms8 and ms10, the map position of other NMS genes is not known. In cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), markers for the mitochondrial gene atp6 have been developed and the gene cloned. Number of markers some very tightly linked to the restorer‐of‐fertility (Rf) gene have been identified. However, the actual map position of the Rf locus is still not determined. Another CMS‐associated nuclear gene “pr” responsible for restoring partial fertility has been identified and tagged. In this review, we have compiled up‐to‐date information about the marker technology relating to the NMS and the CMS‐associated genes in Capsicum. This information can be useful when screening Capsicum germplasm, developing NMS lines through MAS, improving efficiency of the NMS system, transferring rf gene for maintainer line breeding and Rf genes for restorer line breeding in CMS and assessing genetic purity of the hybrid seed.

中文翻译：

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辣椒雄性不育系统的分子研究进展

近年来，有关遗传图谱，基因标记和克隆以及标记辅助选择（MAS）的植物分子研究在作物改良计划中变得越来越重要。在辣椒中，已经开发了几种种间和种内遗传图谱，其标记物分布广泛，覆盖了整个基因组。最近，辣椒C. annuum的整个基因组，其野生祖细胞C. annuum var。的生长已在美国进行。glabriusculum和C. baccatum已被测序。该辣椒基因组大小已经被估计为大约 4×（3.48 Gb）的栽培番茄的基因组大小（番茄L.）（900 Mb）。育种者对辣椒基因组信息的访问将有助于从不同的连锁组中选择标记，从而为基因克隆及其通过MAS渗入优良育种系铺平了道路。直到日期 据报道有20个独立遗传的核雄性不育（NMS）基因。已为ms1，ms3，ms8，ms10，ms _k，msc-1和一个未指定的基因确定了链接的标记。但是，仍然缺少与ms8和ms10紧密关联的标记。除了ms1，ms3，ms8和ms10，其他NMS基因的图谱位置未知。在细胞质雄性不育（CMS）中，线粒体基因atp6的标记已经开发出来，并且已经克隆了该基因。已经鉴定出一些与生育力恢复基因（Rf）紧密相关的标志物的数量。但是，Rf基因座的实际图谱位置仍未确定。另一个与CMS相关的负责恢复部分生育力的核基因“ pr”已被鉴定并标记。在这篇综述中，我们收集了与辣椒中NMS和CMS相关基因有关的标记技术的最新信息。此信息在筛选辣椒时可能很有用种质，通过MAS开发NMS品系，提高NMS系统的效率，在CMS中转移用于维持系育种的rf基因和用于恢复系育种的Rf基因，并评估杂交种子的遗传纯度。