At low intensity, certain stress conditions may have a positive effect on growth and development of plants (eustress). Growth stimulation of barley plants after gamma irradiation of seeds in low doses was observed as an increase in root and shoot lengths. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations in shoots of irradiated plants were significantly higher than in control, while the opposite effect was observed in the roots. To elucidate the molecular basis of growth stimulation after gamma irradiation of barley seeds, we performed the transcriptomic analysis of barley embryos at different stages of seed germination. The transcriptomic data were correlated with morphological parameters and the hydrogen peroxide levels in irradiated and control plants. These data indicate that the growth stimulation by low‐dose irradiation involves the transcriptional control of genes related to phytohormones, antioxidant system, late embryogenesis abundant proteins and cell wall components, with possible involvement of jasmonate and ABA signalling. Gamma irradiation of seeds at dose 100 Gy caused significant growth inhibition and promoted expression changes in transcripts related to cell cycle arrest, DNA damage repair and antioxidant system.

中文翻译：

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大麦胚胎对种子的低剂量和高剂量伽马射线辐射的早期反应触发了转录谱的变化和幼苗中过氧化氢含量的增加

在低强度下，某些胁迫条件可能会对植物的生长发育产生积极影响（eustress）。观察到低剂量种子伽马射线辐照后大麦植物的生长刺激，其根和茎长度增加。辐照植物的芽中过氧化氢的浓度明显高于对照，而在根部则观察到相反的作用。为了阐明大麦种子在γ射线辐照后生长刺激的分子基础，我们在种子萌发的不同阶段进行了大麦胚的转录组分析。转录组数据与辐照植物和对照植物的形态学参数和过氧化氢水平相关。这些数据表明，低剂量照射对生长的刺激涉及与植物激素，抗氧化剂系统，胚胎后期晚期丰富蛋白和细胞壁成分有关的基因的转录控制，可能涉及茉莉酸和ABA信号传导。剂量为100 Gy的种子的伽马射线辐照引起明显的生长抑制，并促进与细胞周期停滞，DNA损伤修复和抗氧化系统有关的转录本表达变化。