The UK Brexit vote triggered a new wave of policy developments for a future outside the EU. In this context, we analyse the business performance of English hill and upland farms, characterised by marginal economic conditions but also high nature value (HNV). The analysis aims to help identify farm‐level management and policy options for greater economic, environmental and social sustainability. Business performance is measured as technical efficiency and the occurrence and persistence of abnormal profits, estimated through stochastic frontier analysis and static and dynamic panel‐data methods. The results help indicate rationales for recent trends including farm enlargement, farm family diversification, and agri‐environment scheme entry. The single farm payment is found to be negatively associated with farm technical efficiency while agri‐environmental subsidies were positively associated to short‐term farm profitability. Farm adaptation and resilience during a period of likely turbulence in external circumstances is discussed in light of these findings, as well as potential parallels with marginal HNV areas across Europe.

中文翻译：

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英国高自然价值边缘农业的盈利能力和效率

英国脱欧公投引发了针对欧盟以外未来的政策发展的新潮流。在这种情况下，我们分析了英国山地和高地农场的经营绩效，这些农场的特点是边际经济条件，但同时具有很高的自然价值（HNV）。该分析旨在帮助确定农场一级的管理和政策选择，以实现更大的经济，环境和社会可持续性。业务绩效是通过随机前沿分析以及静态和动态面板数据方法估算的技术效率以及异常利润的发生和持续性来衡量的。结果有助于说明近期趋势的理由，包括农场扩大，农场家庭多样化和农业环境计划的进入。发现单一农场支付与农场技术效率负相关，而农业环境补贴与短期农场盈利能力正相关。根据这些发现以及与欧洲边缘HNV区域的潜在相似性，讨论了在外部环境可能出现动荡期间的农场适应性和适应力。