A new industrial revolution is undergoing, based on a number of technological paradigms. The will to foster and guide this phenomenon has been summarized in the expression “Industry 4.0” (I4.0). Initiatives under this term share the vision that many key technologies underlying Cyber-Physical Systems and Big Data Analytics are converging to a new distributed, highly automated, and highly dynamic production network, and that this process needs regulatory and cultural advancements to effectively and timely develop. In this work, we focus on the technological aspect only, highlighting the unprecedented complexity of I4.0 emerging from the scientific literature. While previous works have focused on one or up to four related enablers, we consider ten technological enablers, including besides the most cited Big Data, Internet of Things, and Cloud Computing, also others more rarely considered as Fog and Mobile Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Human-Computer Interaction, Robotics, down to the often overlooked, very recent, or taken for granted Open-Source Software, Blockchain, and the Internet. For each we explore the main characteristics in relation to I4.0 and its interdependencies with other enablers. Finally we provide a detailed analysis of challenges in leveraging each of the enablers in I4.0, evidencing possible roadblocks to be overcome and pointing at possible future directions of research. Our goal is to provide a reference for the experts in some of the technological fields involved, for a reconnaissance of integration and hybridization possibilities with other fields in the endeavor of I4.0, as well as for the laymen, for a high-level grasp of the variety (and often deep history) of the scientific research backing I4.0.

中文翻译：

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工业 4.0 信息和通信技术调查：最新技术、分类法、观点和挑战

一场基于多种技术范式的新工业革命正在发生。“工业4.0”（I4.0）表达了促进和引导这一现象的意愿。该术语下的倡议有一个共同愿景，即信息物理系统和大数据分析背后的许多关键技术正在融合到一个新的分布式、高度自动化和高度动态的生产网络中，并且这个过程需要监管和文化进步才能有效和及时地发展. 在这项工作中，我们只关注技术方面，突出了科学文献中出现的 I4.0 前所未有的复杂性。虽然以前的工作集中在一个或最多四个相关的推动因素，但我们考虑了十个技术推动因素，除了最常被引用的大数据、物联网、和云计算，还有其他很少被认为是雾和移动计算、人工智能、人机交互、机器人技术，以及经常被忽视的、最近的或被视为理所当然的开源软件、区块链和互联网。对于每个，我们探讨了与 I4.0 相关的主要特征及其与其他促成因素的相互依存关系。最后，我们详细分析了利用 I4.0 中的每个推动因素所面临的挑战，证明可能存在的障碍需要克服，并指出未来可能的研究方向。我们的目标是为所涉及的某些技术领域的专家提供参考，以便在 I4.0 的努力中探索与其他领域的集成和混合可能性，以及外行，