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Delay-Aware Grid-Based Geographic Routing in Urban VANETs: A Backbone Approach
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-11 , DOI: 10.1109/tnet.2019.2944595
Chen Chen , Lei Liu , Tie Qiu , Dapeng Oliver Wu , Zhiyuan Ren

Due to the random delay, local maximum and data congestion in vehicular networks, the design of a routing is really a challenging task especially in the urban environment. In this paper, a distributed routing protocol DGGR is proposed, which comprehensively takes into account sparse and dense environments to make routing decisions. As the guidance of routing selection, a road weight evaluation (RWE) algorithm is presented to assess road segments, the novelty of which lies that each road segment is assigned a weight based on two built delay models via exploiting the real-time link property when connected or historic traffic information when disconnected. With the RWE algorithm, the determined routing path can greatly alleviate the risk of local maximum and data congestion. Specially, in view of the large size of a modern city, the road map is divided into a series of Grid Zones (GZs). Based on the position of the destination, the packets can be forwarded among different GZs instead of the whole city map to reduce the computation complexity, where the best path with the lowest delay within each GZ is determined. The backbone link consisting of a series of selected backbone nodes at intersections and within road segments, is built for data forwarding along the determined path, which can further avoid the MAC contentions. Extensive simulations reveal that compared with some classic routing protocols, DGGR performs best in terms of average transmission delay and packet delivery ratio by varying the packet generating speed and density.

中文翻译:

城市VANET中基于延迟的基于网格的地理路由:骨干方法

由于车辆网络中的随机延迟,局部最大值和数据拥塞,路由的设计确实是一项艰巨的任务,尤其是在城市环境中。本文提出了一种分布式路由协议DGGR,该协议综合考虑稀疏和密集环境来做出路由决策。作为路由选择的指导,提出了一种道路权重评估(RWE)算法来评估路段,其新颖之处在于,通过利用实时链接属性,基于两个构建的延迟模型为每个路段分配权重。断开连接时的已连接或历史路况信息。使用RWE算法,确定的路由路径可以大大减轻局部最大值和数据拥塞的风险。特别是考虑到现代城市的规模,路线图分为一系列网格区域(GZ)。根据目的地的位置,可以在不同的GZ之间转发数据包,而不是在整个城市地图之间转发,以降低计算复杂性,从而确定每个GZ内延迟最小的最佳路径。构建由交叉路口和路段内的一系列选定骨干节点组成的骨干链路,用于沿着确定的路径进行数据转发,这可以进一步避免MAC争用。大量的仿真表明,与某些经典的路由协议相比,DGGR通过改变数据包的生成速度和密度,在平均传输延迟和数据包传输率方面表现最佳。数据包可以在不同的GZ之间转发,而不是在整个城市地图之间转发,以降低计算复杂度,其中确定每个GZ内延迟最小的最佳路径。构建由交叉路口和路段内的一系列选定骨干节点组成的骨干链路,用于沿着确定的路径进行数据转发,这可以进一步避免MAC争用。大量的仿真表明,与某些经典的路由协议相比,DGGR通过改变数据包的生成速度和密度,在平均传输延迟和数据包传输率方面表现最佳。数据包可以在不同的GZ之间转发,而不是在整个城市地图之间转发,以降低计算复杂度,其中确定每个GZ内延迟最小的最佳路径。构建由交叉路口和路段内的一系列选定骨干节点组成的骨干链路,用于沿着确定的路径进行数据转发,这可以进一步避免MAC争用。大量的仿真表明,与某些经典的路由协议相比,DGGR通过改变数据包的生成速度和密度,在平均传输延迟和数据包传输率方面表现最佳。为沿确定的路径进行数据转发而构建的,可以进一步避免MAC争用。大量的仿真表明,与某些经典的路由协议相比,DGGR通过改变数据包的生成速度和密度,在平均传输延迟和数据包传输率方面表现最佳。为沿确定的路径进行数据转发而构建的WLAN可以进一步避免MAC争用。大量的仿真表明,与某些经典的路由协议相比,DGGR通过改变数据包的生成速度和密度,在平均传输延迟和数据包传输率方面表现最佳。
更新日期:2020-01-04
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