Abstract Nickel and titanium are common elements in coatings. When Ni and Ti are combined they offer promising characteristics; specifically, the NiTi intermetallic phase. NiTi is a shape memory alloy possessing a stress-induced reversible martensitic transformation. NiTi alloys are used in a variety of industrial applications and are prevalent in the automotive, aerospace, and medical sectors. The problem with using NiTi is its poor machinability and formability. Applying NiTi as a surface coating will provide an alternate manufacturing method that will require limited machining. The objective of this study is to produce a superelastic NiTi surface coating that still possesses excellent wear and dent resistance while reducing forming and machining processes. A full and comprehensive understanding of the formation of the superelastic NiTi phase during coating development is nonexistent. Fabrication of this intermetallic phase is formed through the annealing of sputter-deposited Ti and Ni layers in a coating. Crystalline phases and residual stresses of the coating were established through X-ray diffraction (XRD). The behavior of the coatings was studied through scratch and Hertzian-type indentation testing. XRD and residual stress analysis suggest that intermetallic Ni and Ti phases precipitated at elevated temperatures, which resulted in excellent dent and scratch resistance compared to as-deposited Ni/Ti nanolaminate coating. This indicates that superelastic NiTi can form while annealing nanolaminates, further suggesting that dent- and wear-resistant coatings have the potential to be produced through annealing layers of Ni and Ti to form superelastic NiTi.

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单片 NiTi 纳米层压涂层的制备、表征和评估

摘要 镍和钛是涂料中的常见元素。当 Ni 和 Ti 结合时，它们提供了有希望的特性；具体而言，NiTi 金属间相。NiTi 是一种形状记忆合金，具有应力诱导的可逆马氏体转变。NiTi 合金用于各种工业应用，并广泛用于汽车、航空航天和医疗领域。使用 NiTi 的问题是其机械加工性和成型性差。使用 NiTi 作为表面涂层将提供一种需要有限机械加工的替代制造方法。本研究的目的是生产一种超弹性 NiTi 表面涂层，该涂层在减少成型和加工过程的同时仍具有出色的耐磨性和抗凹痕性。对涂层开发过程中超弹性 NiTi 相的形成尚无全面而全面的了解。这种金属间相的制造是通过对涂层中溅射沉积的 Ti 和 Ni 层进行退火而形成的。通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 确定涂层的晶相和残余应力。通过划痕和赫兹型压痕测试研究涂层的行为。XRD 和残余应力分析表明，金属间 Ni 和 Ti 相在升高的温度下沉淀，与沉积的 Ni/Ti 纳米层压涂层相比，这导致了优异的抗凹痕和抗划伤性。这表明在对纳米层压板进行退火时可以形成超弹性 NiTi，