Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFC) still lack active and efficient electrocatalysts for the alkaline ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). In this work, a new instant reduction synthesis method was developed to prepare carbon supported ternary PdNiBi nanocatalysts with improved EOR activity. Synthesized catalysts were characterized with a variety of structural and compositional analysis techniques in order to correlate their morphology and surface chemistry with electrochemical performance. The modified instant reduction synthesis results in well-dispersed, spherical Pd₈₅Ni₁₀Bi₅ nanoparticles on Vulcan XC72R support (Pd₈₅Ni₁₀Bi₅/C^(II-III)), with sizes ranging from 3.7 ± 0.8 to 4.7 ± 0.7 nm. On the other hand, the common instant reduction synthesis method leads to significantly agglomerated nanoparticles (Pd₈₅Ni₁₀Bi₅/C^(I)). EOR activity and stability of these three different carbon supported PdNiBi anode catalysts with a nominal atomic ratio of 85:10:5 were probed via cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry using the rotating disk electrode method. Pd₈₅Ni₁₀Bi₅/C^(II) showed the highest electrocatalytic activity (150 mA⋅cm⁻²; 2678 mA⋅mg⁻¹) with low onset potential (0.207 V) for EOR in alkaline medium, as compared to a commercial Pd/C and to the other synthesized ternary nanocatalysts Pd₈₅Ni₁₀Bi₅/C^(I) and Pd₈₅Ni₁₀Bi₅/C^(III). This new synthesis approach provides a new avenue to developing efficient, carbon supported ternary nanocatalysts for future energy conversion devices.

The modified instant reduction method for synthesis of ternary Pd₈₅Ni₁₀Bi₅/C^(II) nanocatalyst using Vulcan XC72R as carbon support initiates an agglomeration reduction, provides low average particle size, and enables enhanced activity for the alkaline ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) compared to the common instant reduction method and to a commercial Pd/C catalyst.

直接乙醇燃料电池（DEFC）仍然缺乏用于碱性乙醇氧化反应（EOR）的活性和高效电催化剂。在这项工作中，开发了一种新的即时还原合成方法来制备具有改善的EOR活性的碳载三元PdNiBi纳米催化剂。合成的催化剂用各种结构和组成分析技术进行了表征，以使它们的形态和表面化学与电化学性能相关联。改进的即时还原合成法在Vulcan XC72R载体上形成了分散良好的球形Pd ₈₅ Ni ₁₀ Bi ₅纳米颗粒（Pd ₈₅ Ni ₁₀ Bi ₅ / C ^（II-III）），尺寸范围为3.7±0.8至4.7±0.7 nm。另一方面，普通的瞬时还原合成方法导致纳米粒子显着团聚（Pd ₈₅ Ni ₁₀ Bi ₅ / C ^（I））。使用转盘电极法通过循环伏安法和计时电流法测定了三种标称原子比为85：10：5的碳载PdNiBi阳极催化剂的EOR活性和稳定性。Pd ₈₅ Ni ₁₀ Bi ₅ / C ^（II）表现出最高的电催化活性（150mA⋅cm ^-2 ; 2678mA⋅mg ^-1）与商业Pd / C以及其他合成的三元纳米催化剂Pd ₈₅ Ni ₁₀ Bi ₅ / C ^（I）和Pd ₈₅ Ni ₁₀ Bi ₅ / C相比，在碱性介质中具有较低的EOR起始电位（0.207 V）^（III）。这种新的合成方法为开发用于未来能量转换装置的高效，碳载三元纳米催化剂提供了新途径。

使用Vulcan XC72R作为碳载体的合成三元Pd ₈₅ Ni ₁₀ Bi ₅ / C ^（II）纳米催化剂的改进的即时还原方法可引发团聚还原，提供较低的平均粒径，并增强了碱性乙醇氧化反应（EOR）的活性）与常用的瞬间还原方法和市售Pd / C催化剂相比。