Industrialization such as metallurgy, papermaking, chemicals, electroplating and tanning is contributing to the pollution of ecosystems by chromium (Cr). Cr pollution has many sources and high toxicity. Indeed, Cr(VI) is a strong oxidizing agent and, as a consequence, Cr(VI) bioaccumulation may induce acute, subacute or chronic poisoning, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Cr(VI) is usually very mobile and highly soluble in aqueous solutions, but Cr(III) is not. Cr(III) is relatively stable and less toxic than Cr(VI). Thus, some remediation techniques aim to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Herein, we review bioremediation, photocatalytic remediation, electrochemical remediation and coupled remediation systems. We found that Cr(VI) remediation using coupled systems is relatively easier and more efficient, compared with other treatment systems. This review provides a basis for the development of high-efficiency Cr(VI) removal systems suitable for industrial applications.

冶金，造纸，化学，电镀和鞣革等工业化正在加剧铬（Cr）对生态系统的污染。铬污染有很多来源，而且毒性很高。确实，Cr（VI）是一种强氧化剂，因此，Cr（VI）的生物蓄积性可能引起急性，亚急性或慢性中毒，诱变，致癌和致畸。Cr（VI）通常非常易移动，并且在水溶液中的溶解度很高，但是Cr（III）则不是。Cr（III）相对稳定，毒性比Cr（VI）低。因此，一些修复技术旨在将Cr（VI）还原为Cr（III）。在这里，我们回顾生物修复，光催化修复，电化学修复和耦合修复系统。我们发现与其他处理系统相比，使用耦合系统的Cr（VI）修复相对更容易，更有效。