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Integrative description of bisexual Paramacrobiotus experimentalis sp. nov. (Macrobiotidae) from republic of Madagascar (Africa) with microbiome analysis.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106730 Łukasz Kaczmarek 1 , Milena Roszkowska 2 , Izabela Poprawa 3 , Kamil Janelt 3 , Hanna Kmita 4 , Magdalena Gawlak 5 , Edyta Fiałkowska 6 , Monika Mioduchowska 7
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106730 Łukasz Kaczmarek 1 , Milena Roszkowska 2 , Izabela Poprawa 3 , Kamil Janelt 3 , Hanna Kmita 4 , Magdalena Gawlak 5 , Edyta Fiałkowska 6 , Monika Mioduchowska 7
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In a moss samples collected on Madagascar two populations of Paramacrobiotus experimentalis sp. nov. were found. Paramacrobiotus experimentalis sp. nov. with the presence of a microplacoid and areolatus type of eggs is similar to Pam. danielae, Pam. garynahi, Pam. hapukuensis, Pam. peteri, Pam. rioplatensis and Pam. savai, but it differs from them by some morphological and morphometric characters of the eggs. The p-distance between two COI haplotypes of Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. was 0.17%. In turn, the ranges of uncorrected genetic p-distances of all Paramacrobiotus species available in GenBank was from 18.27% (for Pam. lachowskae) to 25.26% (for Pam. arduus) with an average distance of 20.67%. We also found that Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. is bisexual. This observation was congruent on three levels: (i) morphological - specimen size dimorphism; (ii) structural (primary sexual characteristics) - females have an unpaired ovary while males have an unpaired testis and (iii) molecular - heterozygous and homozygous strains of the ITS-2 marker. Although symbiotic associations of hosts with bacteria (including endosymbiotic bacteria) are common in nature and these interactions exert various effects on the evolution, biology and reproductive ecology of hosts, there is still very little information on the bacterial community associated with tardigrades. To fill this gap and characterise the bacterial community of Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. populations and microbiome of its microhabitat, high throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions in the bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragment was performed. The obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences ranged from 92,665 to 131163. In total, 135 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified across the rarefied dataset. Overall, both Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. populations were dominated by OTUs ascribed to the phylum Proteobacteria (89-92%) and Firmicutes (6-7%). In the case of samples from tardigrades' laboratory habitat, the most abundant bacterial phylum was Proteobacteria (51-90%) and Bacteroides (9-48%). In all compared microbiome profiles, only 16 of 137 OTUs were shared. We found also significant differences in beta diversity between the partly species-specific microbiome of Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. and its culturing environment. Two OTUs belonging to a putative bacterial endosymbiont were identified - Rickettsiales and Polynucleobacter. We also demonstrated that each bacterial community was rich in genes involved in membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism.
中文翻译：
综合描述双性副ma实验。十一月 来自马达加斯加共和国（非洲）的（Macrobiotidae）微生物组分析。
在马达加斯加采集的苔藓样本中，有两个种群的Paramacrobiotus Experimentis sp.。十一月 被发现。实验副微生物 十一月 存在微类卵和乳晕的卵与Pam相似。丹尼尔（Pani）加里纳希（Pam）。Phap.hapukuensis。佩特里，帕姆。rioplatensis和Pam。savai，但与它们的不同之处在于卵的某些形态和形态特征。Pam的两个COI单倍型之间的p距离。实验物种 十一月 为0.17％。反过来，GenBank中可用的所有副宏观物种的未校正遗传p距离的范围是从18.27％（对于Pam。lachowskae）到25.26％（对于Pam。arduus），平均距离为20.67％。我们还发现了帕姆。实验物种 十一月 是双性恋。该观察在三个层面上是一致的：（i）形态-标本大小二态性；（ii）结构（主要性特征）-雌性卵巢不配对，而雄性睾丸不配对，以及（iii）ITS-2标记的分子杂合和纯合菌株。尽管宿主与细菌（包括共生共生细菌）的共生关系在自然界中很常见，并且这些相互作用对宿主的进化，生物学和生殖生态产生各种影响，但关于缓凝剂的细菌群落信息仍然很少。为了填补这一空白并描述帕姆细菌群落的特征。实验物种 十一月 种群及其微生物栖息地的微生物组，进行了细菌16S rRNA基因片段中V3-V4高变区的高通量测序。获得的16S rRNA基因序列的范围为92665至131163。在稀有数据集中总共鉴定出135个操作分类单位（OTU）。总体来说，都是帕姆。实验物种 十一月 人群中，Proteobacteria门（89-92％）和Firmicutes（6-7％）归因于OTU。就从节肢动物的实验室栖息地中采集的样品而言，细菌门最多的是Proteobacteria（51-90％）和Bacteroides（9-48％）。在所有比较的微生物组概况中，只有137个OTU中的16个是共享的。我们还发现，Pam部分物种特异性微生物组之间的β多样性存在显着差异。实验物种 十一月 及其培养环境。确定了两个属于假定的细菌内共生体的OTU-立克次氏体和多核细菌。
更新日期：2020-01-04
中文翻译：
综合描述双性副ma实验。十一月 来自马达加斯加共和国（非洲）的（Macrobiotidae）微生物组分析。
在马达加斯加采集的苔藓样本中，有两个种群的Paramacrobiotus Experimentis sp.。十一月 被发现。实验副微生物 十一月 存在微类卵和乳晕的卵与Pam相似。丹尼尔（Pani）加里纳希（Pam）。Phap.hapukuensis。佩特里，帕姆。rioplatensis和Pam。savai，但与它们的不同之处在于卵的某些形态和形态特征。Pam的两个COI单倍型之间的p距离。实验物种 十一月 为0.17％。反过来，GenBank中可用的所有副宏观物种的未校正遗传p距离的范围是从18.27％（对于Pam。lachowskae）到25.26％（对于Pam。arduus），平均距离为20.67％。我们还发现了帕姆。实验物种 十一月 是双性恋。该观察在三个层面上是一致的：（i）形态-标本大小二态性；（ii）结构（主要性特征）-雌性卵巢不配对，而雄性睾丸不配对，以及（iii）ITS-2标记的分子杂合和纯合菌株。尽管宿主与细菌（包括共生共生细菌）的共生关系在自然界中很常见，并且这些相互作用对宿主的进化，生物学和生殖生态产生各种影响，但关于缓凝剂的细菌群落信息仍然很少。为了填补这一空白并描述帕姆细菌群落的特征。实验物种 十一月 种群及其微生物栖息地的微生物组，进行了细菌16S rRNA基因片段中V3-V4高变区的高通量测序。获得的16S rRNA基因序列的范围为92665至131163。在稀有数据集中总共鉴定出135个操作分类单位（OTU）。总体来说，都是帕姆。实验物种 十一月 人群中，Proteobacteria门（89-92％）和Firmicutes（6-7％）归因于OTU。就从节肢动物的实验室栖息地中采集的样品而言，细菌门最多的是Proteobacteria（51-90％）和Bacteroides（9-48％）。在所有比较的微生物组概况中，只有137个OTU中的16个是共享的。我们还发现，Pam部分物种特异性微生物组之间的β多样性存在显着差异。实验物种 十一月 及其培养环境。确定了两个属于假定的细菌内共生体的OTU-立克次氏体和多核细菌。
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